Table 5.

Results of generalized additive models of standardized daily counts (per 100,000) of deaths from alcohol related liver failure by age group, race, sex, and urban/rural residence. Parameter estimates are given in differences in log counts.

Sex
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p	sig.
(Intercept)	-4.5343	0.0238	-190.9029	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19	0.2613	0.2784	0.9384	0.348
Male	0.7762	0.0285	27.2179	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19:Male	0.0984	0.0888	1.1079	0.2679
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p	sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	2.6422	4.0000	8.3709	< 0.0001	***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.0724	4.0000	0.0195	0.299
Age group
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p	sig.
(Intercept)	-3.7563	0.0218	-172.2304	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19	0.0651	0.7656	0.0850	0.932
Age Over 65	-0.4108	0.0341	-12.0565	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19:Age Over 65	0.2379	0.1005	2.3682	0.018	**
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p	sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	2.9502	4.0000	13.2861	< 0.0001	***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.3118	4.0000	0.1132	0.228
Black vs. white
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p	sig.
(Intercept)	-4.0009	0.1276	-31.3582	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19	0.3610	0.3943	0.9156	0.360
Black (vs. white)	-0.3971	0.2013	-1.9731	0.048	*
COVID-19:Black (vs. white)	0.0865	0.6147	0.1408	0.888
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p	sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	0.0000	4.0000	0.0000	0.522
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.0000	4.0000	0.0000	0.745
Urban vs. rural residence
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p	sig.
(Intercept)	-3.9056	0.0301	-129.7212	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19	0.6166	0.0834	7.3940	< 0.0001	***
Urban	-0.2484	0.0447	-5.5598	< 0.0001	***
COVID-19:Urban	-0.2331	0.1311	-1.7780	0.075
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p	sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	3.3870	4.0000	16.1938	< 0.0001	***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.104001	4.0000	0.0000	0.628