TABLE 2.

Available vaccines listed by year of first vaccine development or licensure in the United States, 1700–2000

Period	Yr	Vaccine	Efficacy by recommended route of administration:
			Mucosal	Systemic
1700–1799	1798	Smallpox	−	0
1800–1899	1885	Rabies	−	+
	1896	Typhoid	−	+
	1896	Cholera	−	+
	1897	Plague	−	+
1900–1959	1923	Diphtheria	−	+
	1926	Pertussis	−	+
	1927	Tetanus	−	+
	1927	Tuberculosis	−	+
	1945	Influenza	−	+
	1953	Yellow fever	−	+
	1955	Poliomyelitis (IPV)	−	+
1960–2000	1960	Poliomyelitis (OPV)	+	−
	1963	Measles	−	+
	1969	Mumps	−	+
	1969	Rubella	−	+
	1970	Anthrax	−	+
	1975	Meningococcus (Aac)	−	+
	1977	Streptococcus pneumoniae	−	+
	1980	Adenovirusa	+	−
	1981	Hepatitis B	−	+
	1985	Haemophilus influenzae B	−	+
	1992	Japanese encephalitis	−	+
	1995	Hepatitis A	−	+
	1995	Varicella-zoster	−	+
	1998	Lyme disease	−	+
	1998	Rotavirusb	+	−
	1999	Typhoida	+	−
	1999	Choleraa	+	−
	—	Influenza Ac	+	−

^aNot available for routine use. 

^bDiscontinued. 

^cRecently developed.