TABLE 7.

Approaches to enhancement of mucosal immunity to vaccines

Goal	Approach
Reduce virulence and enhance antigen load	Recombinant proteins, live vectors
	Subunit vaccines
	DNA vaccines
	Transgenic edible plants
Improve delivery into the mucosa	Non-living microparticle carriers (copolymer microspheres, liposomes)
	VLP
	ISCOM
Improve mucosal interaction with antigens	Adhesive antigens
	Adjuvants
Enhancement of immune response	Mucosal adjuvants
	Combination systemic-mucosal immunization
	Transcutaneous and other routes of immunization