Table 3.

Association of Medication Use History with GA Perimeter-adjusted Growth Rate Based on Univariable Linear Mixed-effects Model

Systemic Medication Use History	Category	Number of Eyes	Mean GA Perimeter-adjusted Growth Rate (SD), mm/year	Coefficient Estimate (95% CI), mm/yr	p
Acetaminophen	Yes	26	0.126 (0.060)	0.028 (−0.001, 0.056)	0.06
	No	292	0.096 (0.061)	Reference	-
NSAIDs	Yes	102	0.095 (0.054)	−0.003 (−0.019, 0.014)	0.75
	No	216	0.099 (0.065)	Reference	-
Antacids	Yes	65	0.097 (0.056)	−0.001 (−0.020, 0.018)	0.91
	No	253	0.098 (0.063)	Reference	-
Aspirin	Yes	96	0.095 (0.067)	−0.003 (−0.020, 0.014)	0.71
	No	222	0.099 (0.059)	Reference	-
Cholesterol-lowering medication	Yes	23	0.142 (0.093)	0.051 (0.022, 0.080)	< 0.001
	No	295	0.094 (0.057)	Reference	-
Beta-blocker	Yes	17	0.133 (0.106)	0.044 (0.009, 0.080)	0.02
	No	301	0.096 (0.058)	Reference	-
ACE inhibitor	Yes	30	0.111 (0.054)	0.012 (−0.014, 0.039)	0.37
	No	288	0.096 (0.062)	Reference	-
Diuretics	Yes	74	0.124 (0.068)	0.038 (0.020, 0.056)	< 0.001
	No	244	0.090 (0.057)	Reference	-
Calcium channel blocker	Yes	38	0.113 (0.083)	0.021 (−0.003, 0.045)	0.09
	No	280	0.096 (0.058)	Reference	-
Digoxin	Yes	12	0.104 (0.021)	0.006 (−0.033, 0.046)	0.76
	No	306	0.097 (0.063)	Reference	-
Potassium chloride	Yes	12	0.135 (0.067)	0.038 (−0.002, 0.079)	0.07
	No	306	0.096 (0.061)	Reference	-
Thyroid hormones	Yes	35	0.121 (0.089)	0.027 (0.003, 0.052)	0.03
	No	285	0.095 (0.057)	Reference	-
Tranquilizers	Yes	66	0.109 (0.057)	0.015 (−0.005, 0.034)	0.14
	No	252	0.095 (0.063)	Reference	-

ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; CI = confidence interval; GA = geographic atrophy; NSAIDs = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SD = standard deviation.