Table 10.

Indicators of neighborhood characteristics

Indicators	Definition	Source	Mean	Std. Dev	Min–Max
Air Quality	Average annual concentration of PM2.5 (micrograms per cubic meter)	National Environmental Public Health Tracking	9.0	2.0	3 – 19.7
Drinking Water Violation	Violations in one year; 1 if one or more violations, 0 if none	County Health Rankings and Roadmaps	0.5	0.5	0–1
Food Environment	Low access to grocery store for low income families and food insecurity	County Health Rankings and Roadmaps	7.0	1.3	0–10
Recreation Facilities	Recreation and fitness facilities/1000 population	U.S. Dept. of Agriculture	0.07	0.07	0–0.8
Violent Crime	Violent Crimes/ 1000 population	Federal Bureau of Investigation	2.5	2.2	0 – 38.8
Property Crime	Property Crimes/ 1000 population	Federal Bureau of Investigation	19.6	12.6	0—218

(i) We find that violent and property crime rates are highly correlated (0.97), so we combine them and use total crime rate in the regression model. None of the other independent variables have high correlations