Table 3.

Multidimensional poverty: Alternative indices

	Av % Ch	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
$D_0$	−3.23	0.146	0.149	0.155	0.153	0.146	0.142	0.127	0.115	0.109	0.105	0.103	0.100
		(0.000026)	(0.000026)	(0.000026)	(0.000026)	(0.000026)	(0.000025)	(0.000024)	(0.000023)	(0.000022)	(0.000022)	(0.000022)	(0.000022)
$D_1$	−3.61	0.058	0.060	0.062	0.061	0.058	0.056	0.050	0.045	0.042	0.040	0.040	0.039
		(0.000161)	(0.000161)	(0.000160)	(0.000169)	(0.000158)	(0.000157)	(0.000149)	(0.000141)	(0.000137)	(0.000134)	(0.000133)	(0.000137)
$D_2$	-4.09	0.025	0.026	0.027	0.026	0.024	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.018	0.017	0.016	0.016
		(0.000079)	(0.000080)	(0.000079)	(0.000082)	(0.000076)	(0.000075)	(0.000071)	(0.000067)	(0.000064)	(0.000062)	(0.000060)	(0.000062)

Average annual percentage change in an index. Standard errors given in brackets below each value. Each value is statistically significantly different from the value in the previous year at 5% level of significance