Table 6.
Trends in multidimensional poverty index by demographic groups
| Av | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Chg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups | ||||||||||||||
| 17-below | 15.6 | 17.5 | 17.7 | 17.7+ | 17.1 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 13.2 | −2.5 |
| 18 to 24 | 14.7 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 18.3 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 14.0 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 10.2 | −4.9 |
| 25 to 34 | 14.1 | 17.4 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 9.8 | −5.0 |
| 35 to 44 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 11.4 | −2.2 |
| 45 to 54 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 9.8 | −1.8 |
| 55 to 64 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.1 | −1.9 |
| 65-above | 12.3 | 14.9 | 14.2 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.2 | −3.4 |
| Entire Pop | 13.5 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.6 | −3.3 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 12.4 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.7 | −3.4 |
| Male | 13.4 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 16.0 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.4 | −3.1 |
| Family type | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 10.1 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.0 | −2.9 |
| Male hd | 21.9 | 26.5 | 27.2 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 24.4 | 23.7 | 21.2 | 19.1 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 16.1 | −4.4 |
| Female hd | 20.1 | 23.2 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.0 | 23.1 | 22.1 | 19.8 | 17.7 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 15.1 | −3.8 |
| Non-family | 12.7 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.0 | −3.4 |
| Race and Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| White | 10.3 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | −2.7 |
| Black | 14.8 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 18.1 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.5 | −4.9 |
| Asian | 16.4 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 20.3 | 20.2 | 19.2 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 11.3 | −5.2 |
| Hispanic | 34.6 | 42.2 | 42.6 | 42.1 | 40.3 | 38.4 | 37.2 | 33.7 | 30.6 | 29.2 | 27.3 | 26.4 | 25.7 | −4.4 |
| Nativity | ||||||||||||||
| Native Born | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | −3.8 |
| For. Born | 34.5 | 40.0 | 40.5 | 40.7 | 39.7 | 38.1 | 37.0 | 34.1 | 31.2 | 29.8 | 28.2 | 27.5 | 26.8 | −3.5 |
| Benchmark | 12.9 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 12.7 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.0 | −3.3 |
All values except in the section on age are given as percent for the non-elderly adult population (aged 18 to 64 years) deprived in at least two indicators. Hispanic includes Hispanic, Spanish, and Latinos. Foreign born includes naturalized citizens and non-citizens. Male-headed denotes male householder with no wife present, female-headed denotes female householder with no husband present, and non-family household includes male householder not/living alone and female householder not/living alone. Change shows the average annual percentage change in the MPI for each group. Standard errors on each of the MPI values are provided in Table A2 in the Appendix. All values are statistically significantly different from previous year’s value at 5% except for those shown with +