miR-412-3p promotes ccRCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. (A) The expression levels of miR-412-3p in 786-O, ACHN, and 293T were detected by RT-qPCR. (B) The proliferation of 786-O and ACHN transfected with miR-412-3p mimic and miR-NC mimic was detected by the CCK-8 proliferation assay. (C) Transwell migration and invasion assays indicated that miR-412-3p mimic enhanced the migration and invasion capacities of 786-O and ACHN after transfection. (D) The colony formation ability of 786-O and ACHN transfected with miR-412-3p mimic and miR-NC. (E) Western blot results of CDK6, Bcl-2, and Bax levels in ccRCC cells lines after transfection with miR-412-3p mimic or miR-NC. (F) CCK-8 cell proliferation analysis of 786-O and ACHN cotransfected with control vectors + control mimics or circDVL1 overexpression vector + control mimics or circDVL1 overexpression vector + miR-412-3p mimics. (G) Transwell cell invasion and migration assay in treated 786-O and ACHN cells. Scale bar, 100 µm. circDVL1-OE, circDVL1 overexpression vector, negative control for overexpression. miR-NC mimic was used as the miRNA mimic negative control. Data are exhibited as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, no significant (NS).