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Gallic acid affects the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. GAPDH serves as an internal reference protein. The relative expression levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, and SIGMAR1 decreased, while the relative expression levels of ATF4 and TFR1 increased. Ferrostatin-1 as a ferroptosis inhibitor reversed the expression trend of these proteins. HCT-116 cells were treated with low-dose (0.2 mM) and high-dose (0.4 mM) gallic acid. Caco-2 cells were treated with 0.2 mM gallic acid.
