Table 3.
Prevalence of complementary feeding indicators in indigenous children from 6 to 23 months, according to socio, economic characteristics Ecuador, 2012. [% (95% CI) = percentage (95% confidence interval expanded sample)]
| Food diversity | Food diversity | Food diversity | Minimum meal frequency | Minimum meal frequency | Minimum meal frequency | Consumption of foods rich in iron | Consumption of foods rich in iron | Consumption of foods rich in iron | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (6, 12 months) | (13, 18 months) | (19, 23 months) | (6, 12 months) | (13, 18 months) | (19, 23 months) | (6, 12 months) | (13, 18 months) | (19, 23 months) | |
| % (95% CI)† | % (95% CI)†† | % (95% CI)††† | % (95% CI)† | % (95% CI)†† | % (95% CI)††† | % (95% CI)† | % (95% CI)†† | % 95% CI)††† | |
| Meets indicator | 32.5 (23.6, 42.8) | 55.6 (42, 68.4) | 63.3 (47.8, 76.5) | 78.8 (70.5, 85.2) | 58 (43.8, 71) | 67.8 (50.2, 81.5) | 49.6 (39.4, 59.8) | 65 (48, 78.8) | 77.7 (66, 86.2) |
| Children characteristics | |||||||||
| Child´s gender | |||||||||
| Male | 26.9 (15.8, 41.9) | 56.2 (37.3, 73.5) | 64.8 (44.4, 80.9) | 79.3 (67.9, 87.4) | 63.9 (44.6, 79.5) | 81.9 (66.1, 91.3) | 46.4 (33.5, 59.8) | 63.6 (41.8, 81) | 81.9 (65.9, 91.4) |
| Female | 35.8 (23.8, 49.8) | 54.9 (35.6, 72.9) | 62.3 (41.6, 79.4) | 78.5 (67, 86.7) | 51.7 (32.4, 70.5) | 58.3 (34.5, 78.9) | 51.5 (37.3, 65.4) | 66.5 (40.4, 85.3) | 74.9 (57.5, 86.8) |
| Diarrhea, cough, or runny nose on the last 2 weeks | |||||||||
| No | 35.6 (22.4, 51.5) | 55.2 (36, 72.9) | 60.3 (39.8, 77.6) | 79.7 (67.1, 88.3) | 57.5 (37.8, 75.1) | 71.4 (52.4, 85) | 53 (36.7, 68.7) | 66.4 (40.9, 85) | 84.4 (67.8, 93.3) |
| Yes | 30.2 (19.8, 43.2) | 55.1 (38.4, 70.8) | 67.3 (45, 83.8) | 77.1 (66.2, 85.3) | 57.6 (38, 75.1) | 65.9 (34.7, 87.6) | 47.7 (35.6, 60.1) | 61.7 (41.4, 78.6) | 72.5 (52.1, 86.4) |
| Mother’s characteristics | |||||||||
| Mother´s age (years) | |||||||||
| 14–17 | 17 (3.9, 50.4) | 100 (…) | 22 (1.6, 83.3) | 82.2 (52.7, 95.1) | 78.7 (26, 97.5) | 100 (…) | 18.7 (4.9, 51)a | 100 (…)** | 78 (16.7, 98.4) |
| 18–25 | 34.8 (22, 50.3) | 97.6 (90.8, 99.4) | 49.8 (30, 69.6) | 77.2 (65.2, 86) | 54.4 (31.9, 75.2) | 68.1 (47, 83.6) | 55.9 (41.3, 69.6)** | 51.9 (30.8, 72.4)a | 74.1 (52.6, 88) |
| 26- 35 | 33.8 (19.8, 51.4) | 100 (…) | 70.6 (49, 85.7) | 79.8 (65.8, 89.1) | 58 (35.8, 77.4) | 65.5 (36.2, 86.3) | 44.4 (28.6, 61.4) | 71.6 (44.9, 88.6) | 80.4 (61.8, 91.2) |
| Over 35 | 20.6 (5.9, 51.8) | 100 (…) | 68.6 (39.3, 88) | 80.5 (49.1, 94.6) | 66.5 (39.5, 85.8) | 71.5 (40.4, 90.3) | 54.8 (33.7, 74.3)* | 88.8 (72, 96)** | 74.2 (43, 91.6) |
| Mother´s educational level | |||||||||
| No studies | 13.4 (1.7, 57.5) | 100 (…)a | , | 73.3 (33.2, 93.8) | 34.9 (6.7, 79.9) | 40.8 (4.8, 90.3) | 69.6 (31.9, 91.8) | 47.4 (9, 89.1) | 100 (…)** |
| Primary | 30.6 (18.9, 45.6) | 44 (26.8, 62.7)** | 68.2 (47.4, 83.7) | 77.9 (64.8, 87.1) | 56 (36, 74.3) | 65.4 (39.8, 84.4) | 43 (29.7, 57.4) | 58.4 (37.6, 76.6) | 77.7 (60.7, 88.7)a |
| High School | 41.6 (28, 56.6) | 60 (39.9, 77.2) | 61.2 (38.9, 79.6) | 77.7 (66, 86.3) | 66.6 (44.8, 83) | 79.7 (62.1, 90.4) | 50.5 (36.4, 64.6) | 83.9 (71.3, 91.6) | 75.9 (55.1, 89) |
| University | 28.4 (5.3, 73.8) | 95.4 (69.6, 99.5) | 84.6 (35.6, 98.2) | 90.9 (56.7, 98.7) | 82.7 (42.8, 96.8) | 66.4 (22.3, 93.1) | 81.5 (41.3, 96.5) | 93.6 (70.3, 98.9) | 100 (…)** |
| Mother´s marital status | |||||||||
| Civil union/married | 32.2 (22.5, 43.7) | 51.2 (37, 65.2) | 64 (47.9, 77.4) | 78 (68.6, 85.1) | 61.9 (46.1, 75.5)a | 68.6 (50, 82.7) | 49 (37.4, 60.7) | 64.1 (45.2, 79.5)a | 79.2 (67.6, 87.5) |
| Single | 43.2 (17.7, 72.9) | 75.5 (48.5, 91) | 45.8 (6.8, 90.8) | 87.4 (60.8, 96.9) | 58.4 (29.6, 82.4) | 76.3 (20.5, 97.6) | 65.2 (42.2, 82.7) | 90.4 (70.5, 97.4)* | 45.8 (6.8, 90.8) |
| Divorced/widowed | 23.3 (5.3, 62.2) | 72 (28, 94.4) | - | 66.6 (27.9, 91.2) | 18.7 (3.1, 62.3)* | - | 39.9 (12.8, 75.1) | 45.8 (8.9, 87.9) | - |
| Number of children | |||||||||
| 1, 3 | 33.6 (23, 46.2) | 53.6 (36.1, 70.2) | 64.4 (44.3, 80.4) | 79.9 (70.6, 86.8) | 54 (36.3, 70.7) | 68.9 (42.2, 87) | 52.6 (39.9, 64.9) | 58.9 (38.7, 76.5)a | 80.7 (63.4, 91) |
| 4, 7 | 32.4 (17.8, 51.5) | 57.5 (42.2, 71.5) | 57.3 (35.7, 76.4) | 72.9 (53, 86.6) | 60.1 (44.4, 74) | 62.3 (40.8, 79.8) | 49.1 (32.4, 66.1) | 75.9 (62.2, 85.8) | 71.8 (51.1, 86.1) |
| Over 7 | 26.2 (5.4, 69) | 61.9 (31.1, 85.4) | 83.1 (51.6, 95.8) | 78.6 (30.7, 96.8) | 78 (47.1, 93.4) | 94 (63.4, 99.3) | 23 (4.6, 64.8) | 85.4 (63.4, 95.2)* | 87.6 (55.8, 97.5) |
| Household characteristics | |||||||||
| Area of residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 30.8 (12.9, 57.2) | 36.7 (14.3, 66.8)a | 82.2 (50, 95.5) | 76.5 (54.2, 90) | 39.5 (15.4, 70.2) | 41 (12.2, 77.7) | 55.5 (27.1, 80.6) | 31 (13.5, 56.4)a | 92.7 (76.9, 98)a |
| Rural | 33 (23.6, 44) | 66.4 (56.7, 74.8)* | 57.6 (40.9, 72.7) | 79.5 (70.5, 86.3) | 67.7 (56.4, 77.2) | 75.4 (61.7, 85.3) | 47.7 (38, 57.5) | 83.1 (72.9, 90.1)** | 73.2 (59.7, 83.4)* |
| Economic quintile | |||||||||
| 5 (richest) | 74.4 (18.2, 97.4) | 55.6 (6.9, 95.5) | 100 (…)** | 100 (…)** | 55.6 (6.9, 95.5) | - | 100 (…)** | 100 (…)** | 100 (…)** |
| 4 | 6.1 (0.7, 36.5)b | 100 (…)** | 100 (…)** | 87.6 (45.9, 98.3) | 70 (12.9, 97.4) | 100 (…)** | 93.4 (61.6, 99.2)** | 95 (60.3, 99.6)* | 100 (…)** |
| 3 | 34.1 (11.8, 66.8) | 60.3 (16, 92.4) | 93 (68.4, 98.8)** | 82.6 (53.3, 95.2) | 54.6 (14.8, 89.3) | 91.2 (62.7, 98.5)* | 49.7 (17.5, 82.1) | 37.2 (9.6, 76.7) | 93 (69.2, 98.8)* |
| 2 | 45 (25.8, 65.9) | 53 (19.9, 83.6) | 85.5 (50.3, 97.2)* | 80.1 (63.1, 90.5) | 40.7 (15.1, 72.5) | 59 (20.5, 89) | 40.1 (21.3, 62.2) | 60.6 (21.8, 89.5) | 95 (68, 99.4)* |
| 1 (poorest) | 28.9 (19.4, 40.8)a | 54 (41.4, 66.1)a | 57.1 (39.3, 73.2)a | 76 (65.5, 84.1)a | 64.3 (49.3, 77) | 66.9 (46.4, 82.6)a | 47.6 (36.5, 59.1)a | 73 (56, 85.1)a | 73.9 (60, 84.2)a |
| Home in extreme poverty | |||||||||
| No | 36.1 (24.4, 49.8) | 58.6 (38.8, 75.9) | 74.8 (56.4, 87.2) | 79.8 (69.4, 87.3) | 59 (40.2, 75.4) | 81.4 (67.4, 90.3)* | 51.5 (37.7, 65) | 69.8 (44.4, 87) | 82.9 (71.1, 90.6) |
| Yes | 25.6 (15, 40.2) | 51.8 (32.3, 70.7) | 51 (27, 74.5) | 76.9 (62.6, 86.8) | 56.8 (35.4, 75.9) | 52.7 (28.9, 75.3)a | 46.1 (33, 59.7) | 58.7 (37, 77.5) | 72 (50.9, 86.5) |
| Human Development Voucher | |||||||||
| No | 34.4 (22.3, 49) | 52.8 (32, 72.8) | 58.2 (37.8, 76.1) | 83.1 (73.2, 89.9) | 48.9 (29.3, 68.9) | 78.3 (57.6, 90.5) | 48.9 (34.2, 63.7) | 55.7 (32.5, 76.7) | 71 (49.7, 85.8) |
| Yes | 29.4 (18.3, 43.7) | 59.9 (46.8, 71.7) | 65.6 (44.9, 81.7) | 72 (58.2, 82.7) | 69.1 (56.4, 79.5) | 61.8 (38.7, 80.5) | 50.7 (36.3, 65) | 76.4 (63.9, 85.5) | 81 (67, 89.9) |
†Sample n = 203, expanded = 14,580 (95% CI 11,656, 17,505); ††Sample n = 153, expanded = 12,453 (95% CI 8672, 16,234); ††† Sample n = 103, expanded = 7634 (95% CI 5358, 9909)
*Statistically significant difference, p value < 0.05. ** Statistically significant difference, p value < 0.01
aReference Category
bFew observations may cause under or overestimation