Table 4.
Variance in bias (η2) explained by each study-arm manipulation, stratified by gender
| Characteristic as obtained from VA databases | What Veterans were told about content | How name was obtained | Honoraria | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Age < 30 | 14.5% | 24.2% | 1.4% | 0.1% | 36.6% | 0.9% |
| Non-white race | 23.1% | 38.9%* | 0.7% | 34.2%* | 1.2% | 0.0% |
| Combat exposure | 31.2% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 30.5% | 18.1% | 0.6% |
| Military sexual trauma exposure | 25.6% | 31.9% | 43.0% | 8.3% | 10.2% | 0.4% |
| Serious mental illness | 12.4% | 34.8% | 9.1% | 0.4% | 4.1% | 0.4% |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index > 0 | 8.5% | 14.4% | 17.4% | 53.8%* | 19.1% | 4.3% |
| Any VA disability benefits | 9.0% | 52.0%* | 3.1% | 11.8% | 0.7% | 1.4% |
| VA disability benefits for PTSD | 11.2% | 17.4% | 0.2% | 15.5% | 7.2% | 8.6% |
VA Department of Veterans Affairs, PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
*Bold face font indicates there was a net non-response bias for that characteristic and study-arm manipulation at p < 0.05