Table I.
Patient sociodemographic, clinical, and social health characteristics of use subgroups derived from March 2020 to October 2020 (n = 7,805)
| Characteristic‡ | Characteristic for entire cohort column (%) | Distribution by visit type |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No asthma care during COVID-19 (row %) (n = 2,977; 38%) | In-person asthma care only (row %) (n = 1,792; 23%) | Mix of in-person and virtual care (row %) (n = 1,084; 14%) | Virtual care only (row %) (n = 1,952; 25%) | |||
| Age group, y (n [%])∗ | <.001 | |||||
| 18-34 | 1,264 (16.2) | 518 (41.0) | 248 (19.6) | 159 (12.6) | 339 (26.8) | |
| 35-50 | 2,064 (26.4) | 829 (40.2) | 405 (19.6) | 283 (13.7) | 547 (26.5) | |
| 51-64 | 2,253 (28.9) | 877 (38.9) | 488 (21.7) | 329 (14.6) | 559 (24.8) | |
| ≥65 | 2,224 (28.5) | 753 (33.9) | 651 (29.3) | 313 (14.1) | 507 (22.8) | |
| Sex, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Female∗ | 4,920 (63.0) | 1,730 (35.2) | 1,139 (23.2) | 758 (15.4) | 1,293 (26.3) | |
| Male | 2,885 (37.0) | 1,247 (43.2) | 653 (22.6) | 326 (11.3) | 659 (22.8) | |
| Racial and ethnic subgroups, n (%)∗ | .009 | |||||
| Asian | 172 (2.2) | 70 (40.7) | 36 (20.9) | 22 (12.8) | 44 (25.6) | |
| Black | 417 (5.3) | 129 (30.9) | 91 (21.8) | 73 (17.5) | 124 (29.7) | |
| Other race | 247 (3.2) | 109 (44.1) | 55 (22.3) | 26 (10.5) | 57 (23.1) | |
| Unknown race | 161 (2.1) | 75 (46.6) | 34 (21.1) | 11 (6.8) | 41 (25.5) | |
| White | 5,724 (73.3) | 2,200 (38.4) | 1,325 (23.2 | 788 (13.8) | 1,411 (24.7) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 1,084 (13.9) | 394 (36.4) | 251 (23.2) | 164 (15.1) | 275 (25.4) | |
| Insurance coverage, n (%)∗ | ||||||
| Medicaid and subsidized | 517 (6.6) | 170 (32.9) | 128 (24.8) | 80 (15.5) | 139 (26.9) | .087 |
| Health maintenance organization | 4,205 (53.9) | 1,523 (36.2) | 1,088 (25.9) | 614 (14.6) | 980 (23.3) | <.001 |
| Deductible/coinsurance | 3,971 (50.9) | 1,573 (39.6) | 833 (21.0) | 524 (13.2) | 1,041 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Count of medical comorbidities, n (SD)† | 2.0 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.7) | 2.3 (2.0) | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.9 (1.7) | <.001 |
| Any mental health comorbidity, n (%)∗ | 2,226 (28.5) | 718 (32.3) | 545 (24.5) | 371 (16.7) | 592 (26.6) | <.001 |
| Median family income (mean [75th percentile, 25th percentile])†,§ | 98,124 (74,794, 117,083) | 98,966 (75,156, 118,958) | 96,767 (74,000, 116,416) | 96,409 (74,148, 116,750) | 99,039 (76,107, 118,958) | .014 |
| Less than high school education (% [SD])†,§ | 7.9 (0.08) | 7.9 (0.08) | 8.2 (0.09) | 7.9 (0.08) | 7.5 (0.08) | .064 |
| Receipt of medical-financial assistance, n (%)∗ | 300 (3.8) | 94 (31.3) | 81 (27.0) | 66 (22.0) | 59 (19.7) | <.001 |
| Address changes, n (SD)† | 0.10 (0.36) | 0.08 (0.3) | 0.12 (0.38) | 0.13 (0.39) | 0.12 (0.40) | <.001 |
Other race includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian, Native Alaskan, and those that identify as other race without specificity.
∗
Categorical variables are row percentages to allow for comparison of characteristics across use categories in header columns. P values were obtained with χ2 test. Insurance coverage is not mutually exclusive.
†
Continuous variable P values were obtained with Kruskal-Wallis test.
‡
Characteristics were derived as of March 2020.
§
US Census tract using postal code to obtain income and education status estimates.