Table III.

Exacerbation rates before and during COVID-19 (n = 7,805)

Outcome	Rate before COVID-19 (mean [SE])‡	Rate during COVID-19 (mean [SE])‡	Ratio of rates before vs during COVID-19 (95% confidence interval)	P
All exacerbations∗	0.264 (0.009)	0.214 (0.009)	0.810 (0.739-0.888)	<.001
Prednisone∗	0.213 (0.008)	0.169 (0.008)	0.794 (0.718-0.878)	<.001
Any inpatient visit†	0.004 (0.001)	0.002 (0.001)	0.478 (0.238-0.960)	.04
Any emergency department visit†	0.017 (0.002)	0.015 (0.002)	0.874 (0.650-1.175)	.37
Any urgent care visit†	0.025 (0.002)	0.023 (0.002)	0.903 (0.717-1.137)	.39
Portion of days covered∗	0.528 (0.004)	0.539 (0.004)	1.022 (1.010-1.033)	<.001
Asthma medication ratio§	0.755 (0.003)	0.762 (0.003)	1.035 (1.006-1.064)	.019

^∗Poisson model accounting for repeated measures unadjusted for covariates. The ratio with the confidence interval is the incidence density ratio.

^†Generalized linear model using log-binomial model accounting for repeated measures unadjusted for covariates. The reported ratio and confidence interval are the relative risk.

^‡Rates are adjusted for person-years except for the asthma medication ratio, which is not dependent on time.

^§Odds ratio for logit model with fractional-dependent variable accounting for repeated measures.