Table 3.

Predictors of urinary retention after semiclosed hemorrhoidectomy

Variable		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Male sex		1.64 (1.28–2.11)	0.001	1.52 (1.13–2.04)	0.005
Age, ≥ 65 yr		1.62 (1.19–2.21)	0.002	1.62 (1.14–2.28)	0.006
Body mass index, ≥ 20 kg/m2		1.66 (1.30–2.13)	0.001	1.37 (1.04–1.81)	0.025
Drinking history		0.92 (0.72–1.18)	0.526
Smoking history		1.09 (0.81–1.48)	0.563
Past medical history
	Hypertension	1.76 (1.34–2.33)	0.001	1.11 (0.77–1.60)	0.570
	Diabetes mellitus	1.34 (0.80–2.23)	0.264
	Cardiovascular disease	1.36 (0.66–2.83)	0.408
	Benign prostatic hyperplasia	1.76 (0.98–3.15)	0.059
	Fatty liver	0.53 (0.21–1.32)	0.172
Defecation time, ≥5 min		0.87 (0.68–1.12	0.290
Hemorrhoid grade
	III	1
	IV	0.82 (0.62–1.08)	0.160
Laboratory result
	Blood urea nitrogen, ≥ 20 mg/dL	0.66 (0.34–1.28)	0.218
	Serum creatinine, ≥ 1 mg/dL	1.46 (0.96–2.23)	0.078
Physiological results
	MRP, ≥ 84 mmHg	1.09 (0.83–1.43)	0.561
	MSP, ≥ 150 mmHg	1.38 (1.08–1.76)	0.010	1.10 (0.83–1.45)	0.501
No. of resected hemorrhoids
	< 4	1
	≥ 4	1.42 (1.11–1.82)	0.006	1.46 (1.12–1.89)	0.005
ASA PS classification
	I	1
	II–III	1.75 (1.36–2.24)	0.001	1.29 (0.95–1.76)	0.101
Supplementary medication
	Analgesics	1.90 (1.47–2.44)	0.001	2.06 (1.57–2.68)	0.001
	Laxative agent	1.31 (0.97–1.77)	0.081

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MRP, maximal resting pressure; MSP, maximal squeezing pressure; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PS, physical status.