Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants, according to the period, pre- or post-COVID-19 pandemic onset, of the 1-year evaluation
| Timing of the 1-year evaluation |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All |
Before the COVID-19 pandemic |
After the COVID-19 pandemic onset |
||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age | 0.746 | |||
| ≥68 years (median) | 173 (47.3) | 71 (48.3) | 102 (46.6) | |
| Education | 0.016 | |||
| ≥5 years (median) | 185 (50.6) | 63 (42.9) | 122 (55.7) | |
| Smoking status | 0.425 | |||
| Never smoker | 158 (44.1) | 62 (43.4) | 96 (44.7) | |
| Ex-smoker | 164 (45.8) | 63 (44.1) | 101 (47.0) | |
| Current smoker | 36 (10.1) | 18 (12.6) | 18 (8.4) | |
| Excessive alcohol consumptiona | 151 (44.8) | 64 (47.8) | 87 (42.9) | 0.376 |
| Recommended physical activityb | 159 (43.4) | 64 (43.5) | 95 (43.4) | 0.976 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.104 | |||
| <18.5 | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| 18.5-24.0 | 81 (26.9) | 45 (33.6) | 36 (21.6) | |
| 25.0-29.9 | 154 (51.2) | 62 (46.3) | 92 (55.1) | |
| ≥30 | 65 (21.6) | 27 (20.1) | 38 (22.8) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 184 (50.3) | 75 (51.0) | 109 (49.8) | 0.815 |
| Heart disease | 66 (18.0) | 24 (16.3) | 42 (19.2) | 0.487 |
| Stroke | 12 (3.3) | 4 (2.7) | 8 (3.7) | 0.624 |
| Diabetes | 68 (18.6) | 26 (17.7) | 42 (19.2) | 0.719 |
| Lung disease | 35 (9.6) | 10 (6.8) | 25 11.4) | 0.141 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 21 (5.7) | 6 (4.1) | 15 (6.8) | 0.264 |
| Nervous system disorder | 8 (2.2) | 1 (0.7) | 7 (3.2) | 0.107 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
a
>20 g/day for men aged 18-64 years and >10 g/day for men aged ≥65.
b
At least 150 minutes of physical activity weekly (minutes of moderate physical activity + 2 × minutes of vigorous physical activity).