Table 2.
Clinical outcomes and interventions stratified by code status at ICU admission.
| Characteristic | All (N = 459) | Full Code (n = 421) (n = 421) | DNR (n = 38) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters at hospital admission (median, IQR) | ||||
| SOFA score | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 7 (4–13) | 0.028 |
| SAPS II | 33 (25–42) | 32 (24–41) | 45 (35–66) | <0.001 |
| PaO2 / FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 163.4 (111.0–231.1) | 163.4 (112.8–231.0) | 170.4 (105.0–246.0) | 0.965 |
| Complications present at admission (%) | ||||
| Hypoxia | 387 (84.3) | 357 (84.8) | 30 (78.9) | 0.473 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 222 (48.4) | 202 (48.0) | 20 (52.6) | 0.704 |
| Acute kidney injury | 127 (27.7) | 108 (25.7) | 19 (50.0) | 0.002 |
| Cardiac injury or dysfunction | 93 (20.3) | 78 (18.5) | 15 (39.5) | 0.004 |
| Shock | 100 (21.8) | 86 (20.4) | 14 (36.8) | 0.032 |
| Respiratory support during first 24 hours of admission (%) | ||||
| None | 32 (7.0) | 30 (7.1) | 2 (5.3) | 1.000 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 248 (54.0) | 232 (55.1) | 16 (42.1) | 0.171 |
| Non-invasive ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP) | 6 (1.3) | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| High flow nasal oxygen | 26 (5.7) | 21 (5.0) | 5 (13.2) | 0.085 |
| Supplemental oxygen (LPM ≤ 15) | 350 (76.3) | 321 (76.2) | 29 (76.3) | 1.000 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 22 (13–36) | 23 (14–37) | 11 (5–18) | <0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 16 (8–24) | 17 (10–25) | 5 (1–13) | <0.001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 14 (9–19) | 14 (9–19) | 11 (5–17) | 0.050 |
| In-hospital mortality (%) | 147 (32.1) | 117 (27.8) | 30 (81.1) | <0.001 |
Definition of abbreviations: DNR = do not resuscitate; SOFA = Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiology Score; PaO2 / FiO2 ratio = partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; BiPAP = bilevel positive airway pressure; LPM = liters per minute; ICU = intensive care unit.