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. 2022 Feb 27;2022:7837837. doi: 10.1155/2022/7837837

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced glycolysis and proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. (a) Western blot experiment showed that hMSCs derived from adipose tissue (hADMSCs), bone marrow (hBMMSCs), and umbilical cord (hUCMSCs) inhibited key enzymes involved in glycolysis, including (b) PKM2, (c) HK2, and (d) LDHA. Moreover, the end products of glycolysis decreased, such as (e) lactic acid, as did (f) the consumption of glucose. hADMSCs, hBMMSCs, and hUCMSCs significantly reduced the mRNA expression of (g) interleukin- (IL-) 1β, (h) IL-6, and (i) tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and increased the mRNA levels of (j) Arg1, (k) Ym-1, and (l) CD206 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. All mRNA levels were normalized to the level of β-actin mRNA. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6 in each group). p values were calculated using one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.