Skip to main content
. 2022 Feb 27;2022:7837837. doi: 10.1155/2022/7837837

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Human mesenchymal stem cell- (hMSC-) derived exosomes suppressed glycolysis and production of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated macrophages. (a) Western blot experiments showed that exosomes from hMSCs derived from adipose tissue (hADMSCs), bone marrow (hBMMSCs), and umbilical cord (hUCMSCs) inhibited key involved in the glycolysis, including (b) PKM2, (c) HK2, and (d) LDHA. Moreover, the end products of glycolysis, such as (e) lactic acid, as well as (f) the consumption of glucose, decreased. hADMSC-derived exosomes, hBMMSC-derived exosomes, and hUCMSC-derived exosomes significantly reduced the mRNA expression of (g) IL-1β, (h) IL-6, and (i) TNF-α and increased the mRNA levels of (j) Arg1, (k) Ym-1, and (l) CD206 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. All mRNA levels were normalized to the level of β-actin mRNA. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. n = 6 in each group. p values were calculated by one-way ANOVA. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.