Table 4.
Mixed-Effects Growth Models With Pain Acceptance, Pain Catastrophizing, and Sleep Disturbance as Moderators
| Pain Severity |
Pain Interference |
Depressive Symptoms |
Anxiety Symptoms |
Opioid Misuse Behaviors |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p |
| Intercept | 4.26 | 3.79 – 4.73 | <.001 | 5.77 | 5.22 – 6.32 | <.001 | 49.25 | 46.35 – 52.15 | <.001 | 48.62 | 45.81 – 51.44 | <.001 | 45.37 | 40.41 – 50.33 | <.001 |
| Linear Time | -.14 | -.18 – -.10 | <.001 | -.10 | -.16 – -.05 | <.001 | -.28 | -.48 – -.07 | .007 | -.06 | -.30 – .18 | .601 | -.06 | -.43 – .31 | .754 |
| Curvature Time | .01 | .01 – .02 | <.001 | .01 | .00 – .01 | .032 | .03 | .01 – .06 | .008 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Pain Acceptance | -.05 | -.06 – -.04 | <.001 | -.12 | -.13 – -.10 | <.001 | -.02 | -.08 – .05 | .603 | .04 | -.02 – .10 | .202 | -.03 | -.14 – .07 | .53 |
| Pain Catastro | .02 | .02 – .03 | <.001 | .04 | .03 – .05 | <.001 | .37 | .32 – .41 | <.001 | .37 | .32 – .41 | <.001 | .11 | .03 – .19 | .006 |
| Sleep Disturbance | .03 | .02 – .05 | <.001 | .08 | .06 – .09 | <.001 | .42 | .35 – .49 | <.001 | .38 | .31 – .46 | <.001 | .14 | .01 – .27 | .031 |
| Time x Pain Acceptance | -.0001 | -.0002 – -.00004 | .008 | -.0008 | -.0002 – .0001 | .284 | -.0008 | -.001 – -.0004 | .001 | -.01 | -.01 – -.0004 | .036 | .002 | -.01 – .01 | .755 |
| Time x Pain Catastro | .0000 | -.00007 – .00008 | .913 | 0.000 | -.00002 – .0001 | .932 | .00004 | -.0003 – .0004 | .854 | .003 | -.002 – .01 | .172 | .003 | -.005 – .01 | .468 |
| Time x Sleep Disturbance | .0001 | -.00002 – .0002 | .11 | .0001 | -.0002 – .0002 | .945 | .0002 | -.0004 – .0008 | .498 | .004 | -.003 – .01 | .288 | -.004 | -.02 – .01 | .493 |
| Age | — | — | — | .40 | .12 – .68 | .005 | -.11 | -.14 – -.08 | <.001 | -.10 | -.13 – -.07 | <.001 | -.08 | -.13 – -.03 | .001 |
| Women | .22 | .07 – .37 | .004 | .26 | .08 – .43 | .004 | — | — | — | 1.29 | .53 – 2.06 | .001 | -3.54 | -4.86 – -2.23 | <.001 |
| Hispanic | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.64 | .72 – 4.55 | .007 |
| Income | .04 | -.13 – .22 | .628 | .08 | -.12 – .28 | .419 | 1.95 | 1.03 – 2.87 | <.001 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Education | .22 | .00 – .44 | .047 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Note. ‘Pain Catastro’ = Pain Catastrophizing. ‘Time’ indicates either linear or curvature time depending on each outcome. ‘—’ indicates that the predictor was not included in the model. p < .01 (Bonferroni adjustment of 5 outcomes) are indicated as bold.