TABLE 4.

Main agents of VHFs

Virus	No. of cases/yr	Geographic distributiona	Zoonotic element	Incubation period (days)	Mortality (%)
Arenaviridae
Junin virus	20–200	N/C Argentina	Mouse	7–14	1–10
Machupo virus	<10	NE Bolivia	Mouse	7–14	10–20
Guanarito virus	0–100	C Venezuela	Mouse	?	25
Lassa virus	10,000	W Africa	Mouse	7–16	10–30
Bunyaviridae
Congo Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus	10–100	Africa, Middle East, W China, N Asia, Balkans	Cows, hares, ticks	2–6	10–40
Hantaan	100,000–200,000	Europe, Scandinavia	Mice, rats	14–30	<1–10
Hantavirus Sin Nombre virus	125 since 1993	N America	Mice	7–14?	40–50
Rift Valley fever virus	200,000–1,000,000	Africa	Cattle mosquito	2–6	30–50
Filoviridae
Ebola and Marburg viruses	5–300	Sub-Saharan Africa	?	5–12	50–90
Flaviviridae
Dengue virus 1–4	5,000–50,000	SE Asia, Caribbean, S America	Mosquito	2–5	2–10
Yellow fever virus	100–20,000	Tropical Africa, Amazon	Primates	2–5	10–30
Kyasanur forest disease virus	100–400	India	Mosquito, cattle, ticks, birds, monkeys	3–7	?
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus	None recent	W Siberia	Vole, ticks	3–7	<1–3

^aN, north; S, south; E, east; W, west; C, central.