Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and patient with or without prior stroke.
| Characteristic | Overall COVID-19 patient | COVID-19 patient without history of stroke | COVID-19 patient with history of stroke | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 36,358 | 35,198 | 1,160 | |
| Age ranges | ||||
| <40 | 6,106 (16.8) | 6,098 (17.3) | 8 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| 40–60 | 12,950 (35.6) | 12,814 (36.4) | 136 (11.7) | |
| 60–80 | 14,805 (40.7) | 14,137 (40.2) | 668 (57.6) | |
| >80 | 2,497 (6.9) | 2,149 (6.1) | 348 (30.0) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 18,696 (51.4) | 18,179 (51.6) | 517 (44.6) | <0.001 |
| Male | 17,662 (48.6) | 17,019 (48.4) | 643 (55.4) | |
| Systolic pressure | 126.00 [114.00, 138.00] | 125.00 [114.00, 138.00] | 130.00 [114.00, 143.00] | <0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure | 80.00 [72.00, 90.00] | 80.00 [73.00, 90.00] | 80.00 [71.00, 91.25] | 0.472 |
| Smoking | 794 (2.2%) | 735 (2.1%) | 59 (5.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drinking | 2,697 (7.4) | 2,574 (7.3) | 123 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 3,931 (10.8) | 3,633 (10.3) | 298 (25.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 8,498 (23.4) | 7,775 (22.1) | 723 (62.3) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 459 (1.3) | 397 (1.1) | 62 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Heart disease | 2,452 (6.7) | 2,185 (6.2) | 267 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 824 (2.3) | 799 (2.3) | 25 (2.2) | 0.796 |
| COPD | 850 (2.3) | 744 (2.1) | 106 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Tuberculosis | 506 (1.4) | 471 (1.3) | 35 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 924 (2.5) | 847 (2.4) | 77 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1,189 (3.3) | 1,138 (3.2) | 51 (4.4) | 0.028 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 178 (0.5) | 132 (0.4) | 46 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 386 (1.1) | 374 (1.1) | 12 (1.0) | 0.927 |
| History of stroke | 1,160 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1,160 (100.0) | <0.001 |
| Disturbance of consciousness | 404 (1.1) | 339 (1.0) | 65 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| White blood cells, × 109 cells/L | 5.60 [4.40, 7.10] | 5.57 [4.40, 7.06] | 6.00 [4.70, 8.14] | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils, × 109 cells/L | 3.51 [2.59, 4.90] | 3.50 [2.58, 4.86] | 4.16 [2.99, 6.03] | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109 cells/L | 1.30 [0.88, 1.77] | 1.31 [0.89, 1.77] | 1.09 [0.73, 1.54] | <0.001 |
| Eosnophils, × 109 cells/L | 0.06 [0.01, 0.13] | 0.07 [0.01, 0.13] | 0.06 [0.01, 0.13] | 0.083 |
| Monocyte, × 109 cells/L | 0.41 [0.30, 0.53] | 0.41 [0.30, 0.53] | 0.42 [0.31, 0.57] | 0.095 |
| Platelets, × 109 cells/L | 212.00 [166.00, 267.00] | 212.60 [166.00, 267.00] | 203.00 [153.00, 257.00] | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126.00 [115.00, 138.00] | 127.00 [116.00, 138.00] | 119.00 [106.00, 132.30] | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.00 [34.20, 41.40] | 38.10 [34.30, 41.50] | 35.60 [31.80, 39.20] | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 23.00 [14.90, 38.00] | 23.00 [15.00, 38.00] | 19.55 [12.83, 31.92] | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 12.50 [11.50, 13.64] | 12.50 [11.50, 13.60] | 12.60 [11.60, 13.90] | 0.043 |
| D-dimer, μg/L | 0.49 [0.23, 1.11] | 0.48 [0.22, 1.07] | 0.91 [0.45, 2.17] | <0.001 |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 15.00 [9.00, 22.00] | 15.00 [9.00, 22.00] | 15.00 [9.00, 23.00] | 0.440 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 1,188 (3.3) | 1,111 (3.2) | 77 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 818 (2.2) | 772 (2.2) | 46 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Disease severity of COVID-19 | ||||
| Mild | 11,921 (32.8) | 11,641 (33.1) | 280 (24.1) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 16,823 (46.3) | 16,299 (46.3) | 524 (45.2) | |
| Severe | 6,247 (17.2) | 5,967 (17.0) | 280 (24.1) | |
| Critical | 1,367 (3.8) | 1,291 (3.7) | 76 (6.6) | |
| Died during hospitalization | 2,492 (6.9) | 2,290 (6.5) | 202 (17.4) | <0.001 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Data are reported as number and percentage (%) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range, IQR) for continuous variables..