Table 2.

Different imaging approach with cell membrane.

Imaging approach	Cell membrane	Core	Reference
FL	RBCM	FA and Cy5-modified nanoscale vesicles	[35]
	RBCM	ICG	[36]
	MM	Upconversion NPs	[48]
	PLM	W18O49 NPs and metformin	[51]
	PLM	Antibody-drug and scFvGPIIb/IIIa-monomethyl auristatin E	[53]
	Cancer-macrophage hybrid membrane	IR825/Ir ZGGO@SiO2	[58]
PA	CCM	Dendritic mesoporous silica NPs-DNA probe	[43]
	PLM	IR 1048 dye-loaded liposomes	[49]
	Erythrocyte-cancer hybrid membrane	Melanin NPs	[60]
MRI	RBCM	Fe3O4 magnetic NPs	[37]
	RBCM	Cyp-superparamagnetic nanoclusters	[39]
	CCM	Mesoporous copper/manganese silicate nanospheres	[44]
	SCM	Fe3O4@PDA-siRNA NPs	[54]
PTT	Bacterial-cancer hybrid membrane	HPDA@[OMV-CC] NPs	[59]
CT	MM	Quercetin-loaded hollow Bi2Se3	[47]
	BM	Magnetosomes	[56]
PA/FL/PTT	RBCM	DOX-loaded Prussian blue nano-composites	[38]
FL/MRI/PET	CCM	Upconversion NPs	[41]
PA/PTT	CCM	Ir–B–TiO2	[42]
MRI/FL	CCM	Styrene and acrylic acid-crosslinked SPION	[45]
FL/MRI/CT	SCM	Mn2+ and Gd3+ co-doped CuInS2–ZnS nanocrystals	[55]
PA/FL	PLM	Dox-PFP-CNs@PLGA/PM NPs	[50]