. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Pharmacother. 2021 Sep 7;56(6):645–655. doi: 10.1177/10600280211043278

Table 3.

Medication Administration Per Patient on Sleep Protocol Days.

	Preimplementation (n = 78)	Postimplementation (n = 84)	P value

Melatonin administered, n (%)	13 (16.7)	32 (38.1)	0.002
Antipsychotics administered, n (%)
Haloperidol, IV/IM/oral	14 (17.9)	20 (23.8)	0.36
Quetiapine, oral	8 (10.2)	10 (11.9)	0.81
Olanzapine, oral	7 (8.9)	12 (14.3)	0.34
Risperidone, oral	0 (0)	6 (7.1)	0.03
Opioids administered, IV/oral, n (%)	53 (67.9)	56 (66.7)	0.862
Median morphine equivalents administered, mg [IQR]	204.0 [56.0–503.3]	75.3 [26.8–789.8]	0.349
Benzodiazepines administered, IV/oral, n (%)	28 (35.9)	31 (36.9)	0.894
Median lorazepam equivalents administered, mg [IQR]	7.5 [2.1–31.1]	2.0 [1.0–16.0]	0.050
Propofol administered, IV, n (%)	8 (10.3)	13 (15.5)	0.323
Median propofol administered, mg [IQR]	836.5 [486.5–4398.3]	7999.0 [1569.0–14 577.0]	0.037
Dexmedetomidine administered, IV, n (%)	9 (11.5)	11 (13.1)	0.763
Median dexmedetomidine administered, μg [IQR]	2717.6 [1252.8–5252.4]	1284.4 [520.8–3640.0]	0.230
Median daily RASS score [IQR]	−0.3 [−0.9 to 0]^a	−0.2 [−0.7 to 0]^b	0.31

Abbreviations: IM, intramuscular; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; RASS, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale.

n = 75.

n = 82.