Table 3.
Comparison of male students' mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Before the COVID-19 pandemic | During the COVID-19 pandemic | t -Test | Cohen's d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | p | Mean difference | CI (95%) | ||||
| SOM | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.40 | 0.69 | 0.03 | (−0.13; 0.20) | 0.04 |
| OBS | 1.52 | 1.56 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.05 | (−0.14; 0.23) | 0.05 |
| PSY | 1.26 | 1.16 | −1.13 | 0.26 | −0.10 | (−0.28; 0.08) | −0.11 |
| DEP | 1.05 | 1.37 | 3.33 | <0.01 | 0.32 | (0.13; 0.51) | 0.34 |
| INS | 1.16 | 1.36 | 2.12 | 0.03 | 0.20 | (0.01; 0.39) | 0.22 |
| HOS | 1.17 | 1.06 | −1.32 | 0.19 | −0.11 | (−0.28; −0.05) | −0.13 |
| PHOB | 0.97 | 0.91 | −0.71 | 0.48 | −0.06 | (−0.23; 0.11) | −0.07 |
| ANX | 1.24 | 1.06 | −2.15 | 0.03 | −0.18 | (−0.35; −0.02) | −0.20 |
| PAR | 1.37 | 1.62 | 2.57 | 0.01 | 0.25 | (0.06; 0.45) | 0.28 |
| GSI | 1.19 | 1.23 | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.03 | (−0.12; 0.18) | 0.04 |
SOM, somatization; OBS, obsessive-compulsiveness; PSY, psychoticism; DEP, depression; INS, interpersonal sensitivity; HOS, hostility; PHOB, phobic anxiety; ANX, anxiety; PAR, Paranoid ideation; GSI, Global Severity Index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease of 2019; CI, confidence interval.