TABLE 2.

MRS imaging of rTMS effects in healthy controls.

		TMS			MRS
Author	Subjects	Hz, intensity	Sessions (pulses/session)	Target region	Field strength, Sequence	Voxel location	Results
Michael et al., 2003	N = 12	20 Hz, 80% RMT	5 (800)	L DLPC	1.5T, STEAM	L DLPFC R DLPFC L ACC	L DLPFC: ↓ Glx post 1 rTMS session. R DLPFC and L ACC: ↑ Glx pots 5 rTMS sessions.
Stagg et al., 2009	N = 16	50 Hz (cTBS) 80% AMT	1 (600)	L M1 Vertex of cranium (sham)	3T, MEGA-PRESS	L M1	↑ GABA/NAA compared to control. NS change Glx/NAA
Allen et al., 2014	N = 18	50 Hz (cTBS) 80% RMT	2 (600)	V1	3T, MEGA-PRESS	V1	↑ GABA compared to control
Vidal-Piñeiro et al., 2015	N = 36	50 Hz (iTBS or cTBS) session 80% AMT and Sham	1 (600)	L IPL	3T, MEGA-PRESS	L IPL PCC	PCC ↑ GABA/Cr post iTBS compared to sham. PCC GABA increase post iTBS positively related to IPL-to-PCC connectivity
Iwabuchi et al., 2017	N = 28	50 Hz (iTBS) at 80% AMT and sham	1 (600)	L DLPFC	3T, PRESS	L DLPFC ACC	L DLPFC and ACC: ↓ GABA/Glx compared to sham
Gröhn et al., 2019	N = 7	1 Hz, 90% RMT	1 (1200)	L M1	Laser	L M1 R M1	L M1: ↑ GABA and tCr and ↓ Asp R M1: decrease GABA and Asp

↓, decrease; ↑, increase; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AMT, active motor threshold; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Glx, glutamate + glutamine; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; L, left; M1, motor cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; R, right; RMT, resting motor threshold; V1, visual cortex.