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. 2022 Feb 21;13:837497. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837497

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Baicalein alleviates retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced retinal microglia activation and neuroinflammation. (A) Schematic illustration of the mouse I/R model and the frequency of intravitreal (IVT) injection of vehicle (Veh) or baicalein (Ba). (B) Representative immunofluorescence images of IBA-1-labeled microglial cells (green) on flat mount retina from normal, vehicle (Veh), or 100 μM baicalein (Ba)-treated mice at 1 week post-I/R. Scale bar = 20 μm. Quantification of (C) microglial density, (D) cell body area, and (E) process length of Iba-1-positive cells (N = 5 per group). qPCR analysis of activated microglia markers (F–J) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (K–N) in Veh or Ba-treated mice (relative fold changes normalized to naive control) at 1 and 4 weeks post-I/R injury (N = 6 per group). Data were presented as mean  ± SEM. Each dot represented individual replicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test.