Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with active CS
| sVT/SCD (−) (n=46) | sVT/SCD (+) (n=15) | P value | |
| Age, years | 63±12 | 70±6 | 0.019* |
| Male | 16 (35) | 8 (53) | 0.202† |
| NYHA class | 1.5±0.5 | 1.8±0.4 | 0.031* |
| LVDd, mm | 54±7 | 57±10 | 0.150* |
| LVEF, % | 45±13 | 40±9 | 0.207* |
| RWMA score | 2.00 (1.34–2.75) | 2.59 (1.97–2.62) | 0.038‡ |
| SBP, mm Hg | 111 (104–118) | 104 (102–113) | 0.017‡ |
| HR, bpm | 71±10 | 70±10 | 0.776* |
| BNP, pg/mL | 50 (29–111) | 129 (92–265) | 0.001‡ |
| U-8-OHdG, ng/mg･Cr | 12.7±6.0 | 21.0±6.2 | <0.001* |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.09 (0.06–0.18) | 0.10 (0.95–0.12) | 0.591‡ |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–1.7) | 0.905‡ |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.3 (1.7–3.8) | 2.0 (1.9–2.3) | 0.277‡ |
| ACE, U/L | 11.4 (8.9–15.5) | 9.8 (6.3–16.5) | 0.289* |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 65.1±21.0 | 61.1±22.8 | 0.532* |
| TnT, ng/mL | 0.015 (0.011–0.019) | 0.009 (0.007–0.145) | 0.977‡ |
| SUVmax | 5.9 (4.1–7.5) | 5.4 (4.0–7.0) | 0.816* |
| Positive LGE on CMR (missing 28/61) | 24 (89) | 6 (100) | 0.392† |
| Inducibility on VT study (missing 45/61) | 5 (56) | 3 (43) | 0.614† |
| Comorbidity | |||
| HT | 19 (41) | 6 (40) | 0.929† |
| DL | 17 (37) | 6 (40) | 0.833† |
| DM | 8 (17) | 5 (33) | 0.190† |
| Advanced AVB | 15 (33) | 3 (20) | 0.352† |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 0.718† |
| VA | 10 (22) | 9 (60) | 0.005† |
| sVT | 5 (11) | 8 (53) | <0.001† |
| Treatment | |||
| ACEI/ARB | 31 (67) | 12 (80) | 0.352† |
| Beta-blocker | 33 (72) | 12 (80) | 0.528† |
| Amiodarone | 10 (22) | 7 (47) | 0.061† |
| Loop diuretics | 12 (26) | 9 (60) | 0.016† |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 8 (17) | 5 (33) | 0.190† |
| Statin | 10 (22) | 5 (33) | 0.365† |
| Steroid | 34 (74) | 13 (87) | 0.308† |
| Device (PM/ICD/CRT) | 26 (57) | 13 (87) | 0.035† |
The normal range of U-8-OHdG was defined as <10 ng/mg·Cr, following a previous study.9
Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD if normally distributed and median (IQR) if not normally distributed. Categorical variables are presented as number of patients (%).
*t-test.
†χ2 test.
‡Mann-Whitney U test.
ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AVB, atrioventricular block; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; bpm, beats per minute; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CRP, C reactive protein; CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; CS, cardiac sarcoidosis; DL, dyslipidaemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; HT, hypertension; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IL-6, interleukin 6; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PM, pacemaker; RWMA, regional wall motion abnormality; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCD, sudden cardiac death; SUVmax, maximum standardised uptake value; sVT, sustained ventricular tachycardia; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; TnT, troponin T; U-8-OHdG, urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; VA, ventricular aneurysm; VT, ventricular tachycardia.