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. 2022 Feb 28;12(5):2445–2464. doi: 10.7150/thno.70588

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In eukaryotic cells, organelles widely interact with each other, forming networks such as the ER and mitochondrial networks. The ER interacts with the mitochondria via the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC-MCU complex. VAPs and OSBP play an important role in the interaction between the ER and the Golgi apparatus or endosomes. VAPs also play a significant role in ER-peroxisome interactions by coming in contact with ACBD5. FATP1 and DGAT2 bridge the ER to the LDs. The ER is also anchored to the PM by the STIM1-Orai1 interactions. Mitochondria interact with the Golgi apparatus and PM. However, the composition of mitochondria-Golgi apparatus and mitochondria-PM MCS tethers in mammalian cells remains unknown. ECI2/ACBD2 plays a significant role in the mitochondria-peroxisome MCSs. Rab7 plays an important role in the mitochondria-lysosome interaction. LDs can recruit mitochondria via DGAT2 and perilipin5. Syt7 in lysosomes interacts with PI(4,5)P2 in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes also come in contact with LDs via the spastin-ABCD1 interaction.