Figure 1.

Proposed mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated renoprotection. SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa Β; Nrf2, NFE-2 related factor 2; Vit C, vitamin C; Vit E, vitamin E; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; CI, complex I; CII, complex II; CIII, complex III; CIV, complex IV; CV, complex V; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; FAD, flavine-adenine dinucleotide; FADH2, dihydroflavine-adenine dinucleotide; mGPDH, mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate.