Table 2.
Initial MNT prescribed to each case, and genetically-guided MNT prescribed post-nutrigenetic testing.
| Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial MNT | Genetically-guided MNT | Initial MNT | Genetically-guided MNT | Initial MNT | Genetically-guided MNT | |
| EI (kcal/day) | Normocaloric (2,200) |
Normocaloric (2,200) |
Normocaloric (1,800) |
Normocaloric (2,000) |
Normocaloric (1,750) |
Normocaloric (1,800) |
| Fiber (g) | 33 | 32 | 33 | 25 | 33 | 26 |
| Macronutrient distribution to the EI (%) |
CHO: 50% Fat: 32% Protein: 18% MUFA: 15% PUFA: 10% |
CHO: 49% Fat: 26% Protein: 25% |
CHO: 50% Fat: 20% Protein: 30% |
CHO: 45% Fat: 35% Protein: 20% |
CHO: 45% Fat: 30% Protein: 25% |
CHO: 47% Fat: 37% Protein: 16% high-n-3/low-n-6 PUFA |
| SFA distribution to the EI (%) | 7% | No change | 7% | 9% | 7% | No change |
| Dietary pattern | Greek-Mediterranean Diet | |||||
| ONS | Vitamin D |
Stop BCAA Avoid melatonin |
None |
Riboflavin (1.6 mg/d) for 16 weeks (27) Folate (5 mg/d) (28) |
None | Zn (14 mg/d) (an average daily Zn intake of 14 mg can be achieved through ONS (~10 mg Zn) plus an average serv. of seafood/red meat/fish, or 3 serv of dairy (~2 cups of yogurt/milk and 3 ounces of cheese) |
| Ideal meal timing |
1st meal: 7 a.m. 1st snack: 12 a.m. 2nd meal: 5 p.m. 2nd snack: 7 p.m. 3rd meal: 9:30 p.m. (avoid high CHO intake in the evening) 3rd meal: 2 a.m. |
1st meal: 10:30 a.m. 1st snack: 1 a.m. 2nd snack: 4 p.m. 2nd meal: 7 p.m. 3rd snack: preferably during daylight (based on genetic makeup) |
1st meal: 8 a.m. 1st snack: 11 a.m. 2st meal: 1:30 p.m. 2nd snack: 4 p.m. 3rd meal: 7 p.m. 3rd snack: 9:30 p.m. |
No changes proposed |
1st meal: 8 a.m. 1st snack: 11 a.m. 2nd meal: 1:30 p.m. 2nd snack: 4 p.m. 3rd meal: 7 p.m. 3rd snack: 9:30 p.m. |
No changes proposed |
| Exercise type | Resistance exercise | Endurance exercise | Combination of resistance and endurance exercise | No changes proposed | Combination of resistance and endurance exercise | No changes proposed |
| Foods to consume or avoid | Increased fiber intake | No further changes proposed | Consume fiber for improved T2DM regulation | •Consume fiber for BW regulation •Avoid desserts •Avoid milk |
Increased fiber intake | •Consume fiber for improved T2DM regulation •Consume fish/seafood and seeds |
BCAA, branched-chain amino-acids; BW, body weight; EI, energy intake; MNT, medical nutrition therapy; CHO, carbohydrate; ONS, oral nutrient supplementation; serv, serving; SFA, saturated fatty acids; PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acids; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.