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. 2022 Feb 21;9:772243. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.772243

Table 4.

End-of-treatment results and % of change for each endpoint and cases after implementation of the conventional (1st) and precision (2nd) MNT intervention periods.

Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3
1st period
conventional MNT 		2nd period
precision MNT 		1st period
conventional MNT 		2nd period
precision MNT 		1st period
conventional MNT 		2nd period
precision MNT
Absolute %Δ Absolute %Δ Absolute %Δ Absolute %Δ Absolute %Δ Absolute %Δ
Diagnosis (related to T2DM) – – T2DM T2DM – –
Pre-diabetes remission – √ N/A N/A √ √
Body weight (kg) 102 −2.9 94.5 −7.4 78 −4.9 76 −2.6 72 0 71 −1.4
(kg/m2) 30.79 −2.3 28.53 −7.3 24.9 −5 24.26 −2.6 23.51 0 23.18 −1.39
Weight status Obesity Overweight Normoweight Normoweight Normoweight Normoweight
Reduction in weight status tier – √ √ √ – –
WC (cm) 102 −1.9 98 −3.9 76 −5 75 −1.4 71 0 71 0
Abdominal obesity √ √ – – – –
SBP/DBP (mm Hg) 115/78 −3.4/0 115/75 0/−3.8 140/85 −2.1/−1.2 128/80 −8.6/−5.9 127/72 0 125/71 −1.6/−1.4
Lab Results Reference†
FPG (mg/dL) 65–109 106 −5.4 89 −16 145 −6.5 108 −25.5 120 0 112 −6.7
OGTT at 2 h (mg/dL) ‡ 138 −4.8 105 −23.9 182 −3.2 145 −20.3 148 0 132 −10.8
HbA1c (%)* 5.9 0 5.4 −8.5 6.3 0.0 6 −4.8 5.6 0 5.4 −3.6
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) <200 190 1.0 180 −5.3 210 −8.7 200 −4.8 190 1.1 188 −1.1
HDL–cholesterol (mg/dL) ≥40 44 2.3 46 4.5 49 0 49 0 40 −7 37 −7.5
LDL–cholesterol (mg/dL) <100 84 0 78 −7.1 115 0 109 −5.2 84 0 84 0
Total cholesterol/HDL 4.31 −3.3 3.91 −9.4 4.29 −8.6 4.08 −4.8 5.1 17.6 4.4 −14.9
Triglycerides (mg/dL) <150 235 0 210 −10.6 230 −3.4 230 0 200 0 200 0
25(OH)D (ng/dL) 20–40 28 47.4 30 7.1 24 14.3 25 4.2 25 31.5 33 32
Ferritin (ng/dL) 20–250 40 0 40 0 50 0 50 0 25 0 28 12
Adverse events (n) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Δ, change; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N/A, not applicable; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WHR, waist-to-hips ratio; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D; *HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, T2DM diagnostic criterion; HbA1c 5.9–6.4%, pre-diabetes diagnostic criterion; †for adult males;‡ <100 mg/dL, normal glucose metabolism; 100–125 mg/dL, impaired fasting glucose; >126 mg/dL, elevated hyperglycaemia. The %Δ is presented in italics.