Table 2. lists the main phase III trials that failed to demonstrate noninferiority to sorafenib.
| Source | Phase | No. of patients | Year | TKI | Target population | Study arms | Primary endpoint | OS (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng (11) | III | 1,073 | 2011 | Sunitinib-inhibits VEGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT, FTR-3 | Advanced HCC | Sunitinib | OS | 8.1 |
| Sorafenib | 10 | |||||||
| Johnson (12) | III | 1,155 | 2012 | Brivanib-inhibits VEGFR, FGF | Advanced HCC | Brivanib | OS | 9.5 |
| Sorafenib | 9.9 | |||||||
| Cainap (13) | III | 1,035 | 2012 | Linifanib-inhibits PDGF, VEGFR | Advanced HCC | Linifanib | OS | 9.1 |
| Sorafenib | 9.8 | |||||||
| Zhu (14) | III | 720 | 2014 | Erlotinib-inhibits EGFR | Advanced HCC | Erlotinib + sorafenib | OS | 9.5 |
| Sorafenib + placebo | 8.5 |
TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitors; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; OS, overall survival.