Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included for meta-analysis

No. of study	First author	Study location	No. of patients	Age (year)	Male	Special patient population	NOS score
1	Alizadehsani R et al.	Iran	123	45	62	None	8
2	An P et al.	China	205	54	122	None	8
3	Atalla E et al.	USA	111	87	23	Older patients	7
4	Caillard S et al.	France	243	62	162	Kidney transplant recipients	7
5	Chadalavada P et al.	USA	84	60	52	None	8
6	Chen R et al.	China	1077	59	532	None	9
7	Chen T et al.	China	274	62	171	Critically ill patients	7
8	Comoglu Ş et al.	Turkey	1086	48	563	None	8
9	Crespo M et al.	Spain	414	62	265	Kidney transplant recipients	7
10	Doganci S et al.	Turkey	397	57	200	None	8
11	Du H et al.	China	182	6	120	Pediatric patients	7
12	Elimian K et al.	Nigeria	3215	36	2293	None	8
13	Ferm S et al.	USA	877	59	534	None	8
14	Gayam V et al.	USA	408	67	231	African-Americans	7
15	Ghoshal U et al.	India	252	40	204	None	8
16	Hajifathalian K et al.	USA	1059	61	611	None	8
17	Huang H et al.	China	49	37	23	Patients with pre-existing ILD	7
18	Jiang Y et al.	China	281	70	143	Older severe patients	7
19	Jin X et al.	China	651	46	331	None	9
20	Kang M et al.	Korea	118	59	52	None	8
21	Kim D et al.	USA	867	57	473	Patients with chronic liver disease	7
22	Lanthier N et al.	Belgium	50	88	NA	Geriatric patients	7
23	Laszkowska M et al.	USA	2804	66	1565	None	8
24	Leal T et al.	Portugal	201	71	113	Symptomatic patients	7
25	Liang J et al.	China	109	65	57	Patients with cancer	7
26	Liu J et al.	China	29,393	47	15,501	None	8
27	Livanos A et al.	USA	634	61	369	None	8
28	Luo S et al.	China	1411	54	895	None	8
29	Ma X et al.	China	467	44	289	None	8
30	Montazeri M et al.	Iran	611	56	377	None	8
31	Moura D et al.	Brazil	400	56	225	None	8
32	Nobel Y et al.	USA	278	NA	145	None	7
33	Pan L et al.	China	204	53	107	None	9
34	Peng X et al.	China	49	63	17	Critically ill patients	7
35	Ramachandran P et al.	USA	150	57	83	None	8
36	Redd W et al.	USA	318	63	174	None	9
37	Renelus B et al.	USA	734	68	379	None	8
38	Russell B et al.	UK	156	65	90	Patients with cancer	7
39	Schettino M et al.	Italy	190	65	127	None	8
40	Shang H et al.	China	564	59	286	None	8
41	Soares R et al.	Brazil	1152	NA	494	None	8
42	Sulaiman T et al.	Iraq	140	45	100	None	8
43	Tsibouris P et al.	Greece	61	70	34	None	8
44	Vena A et al.	Italy	275	71	183	None	8
45	Villanego F et al.	Spain	1011	60	635	Kidney transplant recipients	7
46	Vrillon A et al.	France	52	90	34	Older adults	7
47	Wan, Y et al.	China	230	48	129	None	8
48	Wang Z et al.	China	59	67	38	Critically ill patients	7
49	Yang X et al.	China	52	60	35	Critically ill adults	7
50	Zhang J et al.	China	663	56	321	None	7
51	Zhang L et al.	China	409	65	234	Severe COVID-19 patients	7
52	Zhou F et al.	China	191	56	72	None	7
53	Zhou Z et al.	China	254	50	115	None	9

NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; ILD, interstitial lung disease; COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019