Table 2.
Subgroup analysis for prevalence of depression.
| Population | No. of studies | Events | Total | Proportion (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 | Tau2 | Chi2(p) | |||||||
| COVID-19 patients | |||||||||
| Criteria | |||||||||
| SDS≥ 53 | 2 | 15 | 58 | 23% (6%–58%) | 88.3% | 0.949 | 8.56 (p < 0.01) | ||
| HADS-D≥ 8 | 2 | 15 | 37 | 30% (7%–71%) | 79.2% | 1.0771 | 4.81 (p < 0.05) | ||
| PHQ-9≥ 5 | 1 | 12 | 42 | 29% (17%–44%) | — | — | — | ||
| Between-groups | 0.11 (p = 0.95) | ||||||||
| Region | |||||||||
| Mainland China | 4 | 30 | 95 | 26% (10%–53%) | 80% | 1.0629 | 15 (p < 0.01) | ||
| Hong Kong China | 1 | 12 | 42 | 29% (17%–44%) | — | — | — | ||
| Between-groups | 0.03 (p = 0.87) | ||||||||
| Time phase | |||||||||
| Phase 1 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 9% (3%–25%) | — | — | — | ||
| Phase 2 | 3 | 27 | 63 | 38% (19%–62%) | 58.4% | 0.38 | 4.81 (p = 0.09) | ||
| Phase 3 | 1 | 12 | 42 | 29% (17%–44%) | — | — | — | ||
| Between-groups | 5.51 (p = 0.06) | ||||||||
| Older adults from general public | |||||||||
| Region | |||||||||
| Mainland China | 5 | 3030 | 6672 | 30% (21%–42%) | 94.8% | 0.2243 | 76.31 (p < 0.01) | ||
| Hong Kong China | 2 | 362 | 3557 | 22% (6%–57%) | 99.3% | 1.229 | 150.06 (p < 0.01) | ||
| Between-groups | 0.25 (p = 0.61) | ||||||||
| Time phase | |||||||||
| Phase 1 | 2 | 2838 | 6016 | 27% (1%–90%) | 0% | 1.1516 | 0 (p = 1.00) | ||
| Phase 2 | 2 | 79 | 184 | 41% (31%–53%) | 71.9% | 0.041 | 3.56 (p = 0.06) | ||
| Phase 3 | 2 | 457 | 3937 | 17% (7%–37%) | 99.5% | 0.5868 | 185.92 (p < 0.01) | ||
| Between-groups | 4.37 (p = 0.11) | ||||||||