Table 7.
Summary of the evidence for examined significant predictors, on multivariable analysis, of hospital utilisation
| Predictor variables | Hospital admissions | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| ICU (3 studies) [69,72,73] | 30-d hospital readmission (3 studies) [74-76] | Hospitalisations near death (2 studies) [69,73] | ED near death (1 study) [73] | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| No. of studies* | Direction | No. of studies* | Direction | No. of studies* | Direction | No. of studies* | Direction | |
| Patient demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 2/3 | ↓Older (ref: younger) | 0/2 | n/a | 2/2 | ↓Older (ref: younger) | 1/1 | ↓≥80 (ref: <50) |
| Sex | 2/3 | ↓F (ref: M) | 0/1 | n/a | 2/2 | ↓F (ref: M) | 0/1 | n/a |
| Race/ethnicity | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 1/1 | ↑African American (ref: Caucasian) | ||
| Income | 0/1 | n/a | 0/2 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a |
| Insurance | 1/2 | ↑Medicare (ref: private) | ||||||
| SES | 1/1 | ↓High SES (ref: low SES) | 1/1 | ↓High SES (ref: low SES) | ||||
| Location of residence | 2/2 | ↑metro (ref: rural) | 0/1 | n/a | 1/2 | ↓rural (metro) | 1/1 | ↑Rural (ref: non-rural) |
| Marital status | 1/1 | ↑Married (ref: unmarried) | 1/1 | ↑Married (ref: unmarried) | ||||
| Disease characteristics | ||||||||
| TNM/ACJJ stage | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 1/1 | ↑II & IV (ref: I) | ||
| Tumour site | 1/1 | ↓Tail/body (ref: Head) | 0/1 | n/a | ||||
| SEER stage | 0/1 | n/a | ||||||
| CCI/Charlson-Deyo Score | 2/3 | Variable | 1/2 | ↑1 (ref: 0) | 1/2 | ↑≥1 (ref: 0) | 0/1 | n/a |
| ↑1 (ref: 0) | ||||||||
| ↑2+ (ref: 0) | ||||||||
| Year of death | 1/1 | ↑post-2005 (ref: pre-2005) | 1/1 | ↑post-2005 (ref: pre-2005) | ||||
| Treatment characteristics | ||||||||
| Year of diagnosis/treatment | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a |
| Primary care | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | ||
| Medical oncology visit | 1/1 | ↑Yes (ref: No) | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | ||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 0/1 | n/a | ||||||
| Chemotherapy | 0/1 | n/a | 0/1 | n/a | 1/1 | ↓Yes (ref: no) | ||
| Surgery | 0/1 | n/a | ||||||
| Vascular reconstruction | 1/1 | ↑Yes (ref: No) | ||||||
| Perioperative transfusion | 1/1 | ↑Yes (ref: No) | ||||||
| Palliative care | 1/1 | ↓Yes (ref: no) | 1/1 | ↓Yes (ref: no) | ||||
| Length of stay | 0/2 | n/a | ||||||
| Post-operative complication | 0/1 | n/a | ||||||
| Health service characteristics | ||||||||
| Hospital location | 0/1 | n/a | ||||||
| Hospital type | 1/2 | ↑comprehensive community & academic (ref: community) | ||||||
| Hospital volume (i.e. no. of procedures per year) | 2/2 | Variable | ||||||
| ↓low (ref: very low) | ||||||||
| ↑low, medium & high (ref: very low) | ||||||||
*
Number of studies = Studies with significant findings in relation to the predictor variable (numerator)/total number of studies evaluating the predictor variable (denominator).
Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; Ref, Reference; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results; SES, Socioeconomic status; TNM, Tumour, Node, Metastasis staging system.