TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included studies classified by the type of road safety intervention (systematic review, low and middle-income countries, 2011–2019).
| Subcategory | Country | Target population | Type of outcome | Intervention start | Study duration | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enforcement and traffic laws | ||||||
| Lowering BAC limit | ||||||
| Andreuccetti, G (2011) (20) | Brazil | All drivers | Mortality, Injury | 2008 | 2001 Jan–2010 Jun | Interrupted time-series |
| Jomar, R (2019) (22) | Brazil | All drivers | Mortality | 2008 | 1999–2016 | Interrupted time-series |
| Volpe, Fernando Madalena (2016) (21) | Brazil | All drivers | Mortality | 2008 | 1980–2013 | Interrupted time-series |
| Guimarães, A (2019) (23) | Brazil | All drivers | Crash (Fatal) | 2008 | 2000 Jan–2017 Dec | Time series |
| Xiong, Xiuqin (2019) (25) | China | All drivers | Mortality, YLL* | 2011 | 2008–2014 | Interrupted time-series |
| Zhao, Ang (2016) (24) | China | All drivers | Injury | 2011 | 2009 Jan 1–2012 Dec 31 | Interrupted time-series |
| Gómez-García, L (2014) (26) | Mexico | General population | Mortality, Injury, Crash | 1999–2011 | Time series | |
| Multi-faceted road safety law | ||||||
| Aney, Madhav S (2019) (28) | China | General population | Mortality, Injury, Crash | 2003 | 2000–2007 | Difference in difference |
| Sheng, R (2018) (27) | China | All drivers | Mortality | 2004 | 2002 Jan–2010 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Chandran, A (2014) (29) | Mexico | General population | Mortality, Injury, Crash | 2008 | 1999 Jan–2011 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Abreu, D. R. O. M (2018) (30) | Brazil | All drivers | Mortality | 1998 and 2008 | 1980–2014 | Interrupted time-series |
| Abegaz, T (2014) (31) | Ethiopia | General population | Mortality, Injury, Crash (PDO**) | 2007 | 2002 Jan–2011 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Sebego, M (2014) (32) | Botswana | All drivers | Crash | 2008 | 2004 Jan–2011 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Child restraints law | ||||||
| Nazif-Muñoz, J. I (2018) (33) | Serbia | Children aged 0–3 and 4–12 | Injury | 2009 | 2004 Jan–2014 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Nazif-Muñoz, J. I (2018) (34) | Brazil | Children aged 0–8 | Mortality, Injury | 2010 | 2008 Jan–2014 Dec | Interrupted time-series |
| Helmet law | ||||||
| Phung, D (2019) (35) | Vietnam | Motorcycle drivers and pillions | Mortality | 2007 | 2005–2009 | Interrupted time-series |
| Gupta, Amit (2013) (36) | India | Motorcycle drivers and pillions Population above 18 years old | Mortality, Injury | N/A*** | 2011 Jan–2012 July | Cross sectional (paired subgroup analyses) |
| Seatbelt law | ||||||
| Soori, H (2011) (37) | Iran | Car occupants | Mortality, Injury | 2005 | 2004–2006 | Before and after |
| Speed Management | ||||||
| Establish new speed limit | ||||||
| Leitão, P. A (2019) (38) | Brazil | Motor vehicles | Mortality | 2015 | 2010 Jan 1–2016 Dec 31 | Interrupted time-series |
| Traffic calming measures | ||||||
| Guo, Y (2015) (40) | China | Motor vehicles | Crash | 2008 | 2008 Feb–2013 Dec | Cross-sectional |
| Liu, Pan (2011) (39) | China | Motor vehicles | Crash | 2008 | 2007 Feb–2009 Dec | Observational before and after (comparison group) |
| Damsere-Derry, J (2019) (41) | Ghana | Motor vehicles | Mortality | N/A | 2006–2011 | Matched case-control |
| Camera | ||||||
| Martínez-Ruíz (2019) (43) | Colombia | Motor vehicles | Crash | 2012 | 2008–2014 | Quasi experimental difference in difference |
| González, J. F (2016) (42) | Colombia | Motor vehicles | Crash | 2012 | 2010–2013 | Difference in difference |
| Leadership on road safety | ||||||
| Public awareness | ||||||
| Habyarimana, J (2011) (44) | Kenya | Matatu drivers and passengers | Mortality, Injury, Crash | 2008 | 2006 Jan–2009 May | Randomized controlled trial |
| Education | ||||||
| Ji, Y (2017) (45) | China | Seventh grade students (bicyclists) | Injury | N/A | Not Mention | Clustered randomized controlled trial |
| Woratanarat, P (2013) (46) | Thailand | Motorcyclists | Injury | 2007 | 2007 Dec–2009 Jun | Retrospective cohort |
| Muni, K (2019) (48) | Uganda | Motorcycle taxi drivers | Crash | N/A | 2017 Oct–2018 Jan | Cohort |
| Huang, J. Y (2019) (47) | South Africa | Uber taxi drivers | Mortality | 2013 | 2010 Jan–2014 Dec | Quasi experimental difference in difference |
| Post-crash response | ||||||
| Trauma care | ||||||
| Murad, M. K (2012) (49) | Iraq | All types of road users | Mortality | 2003 | 3 months | Non-randomized single-blinded design |
| Vasudevan, V (2016) (50) | India | All types of road users | Mortality | 2005 | 2001–2010 | Before and after |
| Infrastructure design and improvement | ||||||
| Traffic signals | ||||||
| Quistberg, D. A (2014) (51) | Peru | Vehicle drivers and pedestrian | Crash | N/A | 2010 Oct–2011 Jan | Matched case-control |
| Vehicle safety standards | ||||||
| ABS antilock | ||||||
| Khorasani-Zavareh, D (2013) (52) | Iran | Car occupants | Crash | N/A | 2007 Mar–2008 Mar | Historical cohort (telephone survey) |
*YLL, years of life lost.
**PDO, property damage only.
***N/A, Not applicable.