Table 3.
FC coefficients describing effects of weight gain in infancy and BMIP trajectories in early childhood on pubertal onset outcomes, adjusted for covariates
| Age at menarche | Age at breast onset (TS II) | Age at pubic hair onset (TS II) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infancy | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
| Predictors | FC | 95% CI | FC | 95% CI | FC | 95% CI |
| Infancy weight gain, %a | 0.955*** | 0.930-0.981 | 0.958* | 0.918-0.999 | 0.947** | 0.913-0.982 |
| Gestational age (wk) | 0.999 | 0.993-1.005 | 0.999 | 0.988-1.010 | 1.005 | 0.997-1.014 |
| Birthweight, kg | 0.970* | 0.947-0.993 | 0.946** | 0.909-0.985 | 0.956** | 0.925-0.987 |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Breastfeeding, mo | 0.999 | 0.998-1.001 | 0.999 | 0.996-1.001 | 0.998 | 0.997-1.000 |
| Maternal menarcheal age, y | 1.018**** | 1.013-1.023 | 1.015** | 1.006-1.024 | 1.013*** | 1.006-1.020 |
| Asian (vs White) | 0.963 | 0.897-1.034 | 0.945 | 0.827-1.081 | 1.000 | 0.908-1.102 |
| African American (vs White) | 0.958** | 0.934-0.984 | 0.926*** | 0.885-0.968 | 0.905**** | 0.872-0.940 |
| Latina (vs White) | 0.972 | 0.936-1.010 | 0.987 | 0.928-1.050 | 0.994 | 0.945-1.045 |
| Other (vs White) | 0.970 | 0.931-1.011 | 0.977 | 0.903-1.056 | 1.013 | 0.959-1.070 |
| Early childhood | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |||
| Predictors | FC | 95% CI | FC | 95% CI | FC | 95% CI |
| BMI: high stable (vs low to high)b | 1.004 | 0.981-1.027 | 1.000 | 0.962-1.039 | 1.001 | 0.968-1.034 |
| BMI: high stable (vs median stable) | 0.975* | 0.954-0.995 | 0.944** | 0.912-0.978 | 0.979 | 0.951-1.008 |
| BMI: high stable (vs low stable) | 0.977* | 0.957-0.998 | 0.955* | 0.921-0.990 | 0.976 | 0.948-1.006 |
| BMI: low to high (vs median stable) | 0.971* | 0.947-0.996 | 0.944** | 0.906-0.984 | 0.978 | 0.943-1.015 |
| BMI: low to high (vs low stable) | 0.974* | 0.950-0.999 | 0.955* | 0.916-0.996 | 0.976 | 0.941-1.012 |
| BMI: median stable (vs low stable) | 1.003 | 0.980-1.026 | 1.012 | 0.973-1.052 | 0.997 | 0.965-1.031 |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Breastfeeding, mo | 1.000 | 0.998-1.001 | 0.999 | 0.997-1.002 | 0.999 | 0.997-1.001 |
| Maternal menarcheal age, y | 1.018**** | 1.013-1.023 | 1.014** | 1.005-1.023 | 1.013*** | 1.005-1.020 |
| Asian (vs White) | 0.959 | 0.893-1.030 | 0.962 | 0.847-1.092 | 0.999 | 0.907-1.101 |
| African American (vs White) | 0.957*** | 0.932-0.982 | 0.929** | 0.889-0.971 | 0.909**** | 0.876-0.944 |
| Latina (vs White) | 0.972 | 0.936-1.008 | 0.984 | 0.926-1.045 | 0.998 | 0.949-1.050 |
| Other (vs White) | 0.972 | 0.932-1.013 | 0.986 | 0.911-1.067 | 1.015 | 0.960-1.074 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FC, factor change; TS, Tanner stage.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.
a Percent weight gain between birth and age 15 months.
b BMI percentile trajectory across ages 24, 35, and 54 months, and grade 1.