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Cellular transcription factors that bind to the HIV-1 LTR. The HIV-1 promoter is functionally divided into the modulatory enhancer region and the core promoter region, which both lie upstream of the transcription start point, and the transactivation response region (TAR), which lies downstream. The interaction of these cellular transcription factors with the HIV-1 promoter results in the tight coordination of HIV-1 replication to the activation state of the host cell.
