Table 1.

Comparison of human and rodent obesity-promoting and dietary energy–restriction diets

Diet category	Diet name	Description of human diet	Description of rodent diet	References (cancer related if available)
Obesity promoting	High-fat diet	Western-style diet: calorically dense refined foods and beverages that are high in fat and salt but low in fiber	45–60% caloric content from lard	19, 52, 67, 121
Dietary energy restriction	Calorie restriction	10–25% daily calorie restriction without malnutrition; routine meal schedule is maintained	30–40% daily calorie restriction without malnutrition; single meal presented daily	13, 95
	5:2 intermittent energy restriction	5 days per week: Mediterranean-style diet; 2 nonconsecutive days per week: 75% reduction in caloric intake with low-carbohydrate foods	5 days per week: 14% daily calorie restriction; 2 nonconsecutive days per week: 70% daily calorie restriction	ND
	Time-restricted feeding	Consistent ≤10 h daily timeframe when food can be consumed ad libitum	Consistent 8–12 h daily timeframe when food can be consumed ad libitum	24, 81, 170
	Fasting-mimicking diet	Minimal caloric intake (300–1,000 calories per day) while consuming foods low in carbohydrates and proteins and high in unsaturated fats; 5 consecutive days, twice per month coinciding with cancer treatment	50–90% calorie restriction for 4 consecutive days 2 times per month in combination with cancer therapy administration; food consists of broth powders, glycerol, and essential fatty acids	22, 43
	Ketogenic diet	High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (≥85% kcal fat); no calorie restriction required	Ad libitum access to a diet that is generally >85% calories from fat and <5% calories from carbohydrate with the remaining calories from protein, with slight variation between studies	88, 90

Abbreviation: ND, no data.