Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

letter

. 2022 Mar 7;21:68. doi: 10.1186/s12943-022-01544-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Microbiome-based LMPC classifier identifies cancer onset in independent cohort of patients at risk of lung cancer. A Timeline of bronchial sampling in Cohorts 1-3. B Relative abundance of taxa in the microbial communities Cohorts 1 is shown at genus level of classification. C Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores of taxonomic features included in the LMPC scoring model. A score magnitude of 4 was used as a cut-off for significant features, with a Kruskal-Wallis p-value of <0.05. Grey bars represent taxa that are higher in relative abundance in No Cancer participants, while blue bars represent taxa with higher relative abundance in Incident Cancer participants. D Formula used to construct LMPC score, where a represents the LDA score value and x represents the relative abundance of each taxa (described in Fig. 1C). E Receiver Operating Characteristic AUC differentiates Incident Cancer participants from No Cancer participants in Cohort 1 (p<0.0001, AUC: 0.7057, 95% CI: 0.6118 to 0.7997). F When the Incident Cancer (n = 18) and No Cancer participants (n = 91) in Cohort 2 were combined and stratified by risk score, those with high scores (red) had significantly earlier cancer diagnosis than those with low score (blue). G Within the Incident Cancer patient group, those with high scores demonstrated shorter time to cancer diagnosis than those with low scores. In both analysis, samples were separated into two groups based on the median score value. H Using a Receiver Operating Characteristic AUC as defined by the score, we are able to differentiate Incident Cancer participants from No Cancer participants in Cohort 2 (p=0.0498, AUC: 0.6503, 95% CI: 0.5167-0.7839). I In an independent cohort (Cohort 3), incident cancer participants comprised 4 of the top 5 largest score values. Incident cancer participants are shown in blue, while participants who did not have a diagnosed cancer with follow-up are indicated in black. Cancer onset was assessed using receiver operating curves and log-rank tests, where p<0.05 was considered significant