Table 6.
Bivariate and multivariate associations of Latent Class on Loneliness at Wave 6.
| Bivariate Analysis |
Multivariate Analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
|
| ||||
| Latent Class | ||||
| Non-community Connectors | 1.68 (1.34–2.09) | <.0001 | 1.34 (1.03–1.75) | 0.0322 |
| Social Isolate | 3.14 (2.55–3.86) | <.0001 | 1.42 (1.08–1.88) | 0.012 |
| Social Connectors | Referent | – | ||
| Age (per 10-year increase) | 0.92 (0.88–1.02) | 0.0001 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.0594 |
| Percentage of Completed Visits (per 10 increase) | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.0516 | 0.85 (0.60–1.19) | 0.3373 |
| HIV Status | ||||
| Positive | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.1786 | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) | 0.6304 |
| Negative | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 0.1592 | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.9895 |
| Hispanic | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 0.6432 | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) | 0.4002 |
| Other | 0.70 (0.31–1.54) | 0.3721 | 0.68 (0.39–1.16) | 0.1562 |
| White, non-Hispanic | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Education | ||||
| Less than High School | 1.25 (0.83–1.88) | 0.2882 | – | – |
| High School | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) | 0.6934 | – | – |
| College | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 0.2023 | – | – |
| Graduate School | Referent | – | – | – |
| Sexual Orientation, n () | ||||
| Bisexual | 1.33 (0.98–1.81) | 0.0645 | 1.19 (0.92–1.53) | 0.1797 |
| Heterosexual/Straight | 0.92 (0.51–1.66) | 0.7776 | 0.72 (0.42–1.23) | 0.2251 |
| Other | 1.28 (0.79–2.07) | 0.3170 | 1.24 (0.78–1.99) | 0.3595 |
| Gay | Referent | – | ||
| Depressive Symptoms | ||||
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16) | 2.69 (2.31–3.14) | <.0001 | 1.37 (1.18–1.59) | <.0001 |
| No depressive symptoms (CES-D < 16) | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Not Employed | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 0.4035 | – | – |
| Employed | Referent | – | – | – |
| Income Category | ||||
| Less than $29,999 | 1.69 (1.38–2.07) | <.0001 | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | 0.0499 |
| $30,000 to $59,999 | 1.34 (1.06–1.68) | 0.0145 | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 0.1373 |
| $60,000 or more | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Housing Status | ||||
| Somewhere else | 1.34 (1.06–1.69) | 0.0159 | 1.29 (1.05–1.59) | 0.0171 |
| In your own home | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Marijuana Use, n () | ||||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 0.1892 | – | – |
| No | Referent | – | – | – |
| Popper Use, n () | ||||
| Yes | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | 0.9141 | – | – |
| No | Referent | – | – | – |
| Cocaine/Crack Use, n () | ||||
| Yes | 1.26 (0.94–1.70) | 0.1253 | – | – |
| No | Referent | – | – | – |
| Methamphetamine Use, n () | ||||
| Yes | 1.36 (0.98–1.89) | 0.07 | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | 0.9638 |
| No | Referent | – | Referent | – |
| Volunteer Work | ||||
| No | 1.06 (0.90–1.26) | 0.4744 | – | – |
| Yes | Referent | – | – | – |
| Alcohol Use | ||||
| Low/Moderate | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 0.2142 | – | – |
| Moderate/Heavy | 0.85 (0.64–1.11) | 0.235 | – | – |
| Heavy | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) | 0.4706 | – | – |
| None | Referent | – | – | – |
| Baseline (wave 3) Loneliness | ||||
| Yes (≥6) | 5.73 (4.65–7.06) | <.0001 | 4.74 (3.70–6.07) | <.0001 |
| No (<6) | Referent | – | Referent | – |