TABLE 3.

Treatment options for osteocyte-related diseases.

Treatment	Therapeutics	References
Antibody treatment	Sclerostin monoclonal antibody	(McClung 2017; Morrell et al., 2021)
	Romosozumab (AMG 785, CDP-785), Blosozumab, and BSP804
	DKK1 antibody (BHQ880, DKN-01)
Bisphosphonates	Oral bisphosphonates (Fosamax, Boniva), intravenous bisphosphonates (Zoledronate, Pamidronate)	(Merlotti et al., 2007; Lewiecki 2010; Eriksen et al., 2014)
Anti-bone resorption	Cathepsin K inhibitors (Odanacatib), and Anti-RANKL (denosumab)	(Tanaka et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2018; Galvano et al., 2019)
Hormone replacement therapy	Estrogen receptor (Raloxifene) and parathyroid hormone peptide (teriparatide, abaloparatide)	(Deal et al., 2005; Leder, 2017)
Non-invasive, painless mechanotherapy	Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), vibration therapy, whole-body vibration therapy	(Fritton et al., 2000; Thompson et al., 2014; Thompson et al., 2016; Camacho-Cardenosa et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2019)