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. 2022 Mar 4;10:e12556. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12556

Table 2. Effects of different PGRs on soybean growth and development reported by different authors.

Name of PGR Effect Reference
Auxin Improves nodulation Rademacher (2015), Roy Choudhury, Johns & Pandey (2019)
Development of shoot architecture Sarkar, Haque & Abdul Karim (2002)
Increases dry matter accumulation and seed yield Basuchaudhuri (2016), Dhakne et al. (2015)
Improves nitrate reductase activity Senthil, Pathmanaban & Srinivasan (2003)
Increases protein content of seeds Basuchaudhuri (2016)
Gibberellins Enhances water use efficiency (WUE) Giri et al. (2018)
Improves enzyme activity and photosynthesis Yuan & Xu (2001)
Induces nodulation Roy Choudhury, Johns & Pandey (2019)
Improves tolerance to abiotic stress Hamayun et al. (2017), Qin et al. (2011), Wang et al. (2017)
Promotes the development of adventitious roots Steffens, Wang & Sauter (2006)
Increases seed oil content Travaglia, Reinoso & Bottini (2009)
Increases yield and yield components Dhakne et al. (2015), Khatun et al. (2016), Upadhyay & Rajeev (2015)
Induces nodulation Roy Choudhury, Johns & Pandey (2019)
Increases flowering, pod setting and seed yield Nagel et al. (2001)
Abscisic acid Induces stress tolerance O’Brien & Benková (2013)
Enhances water use efficiency (WUE) Gao et al. (2016), Zhao et al. (2018)
Improves photosynthesis Qi et al. (2013)
Induces adventitious root formation Steffens, Wang & Sauter (2006)
Ethylene Promotes root and shoot growth, and increases root surface area Kim et al. (2018)
Increases tolerance to stress Hamayun et al. (2015)
Salicylic acid Increases chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, shoot biomass, and improves antioxidant enzyme activity Simaei et al. (2011)
Induces nodulation Roy Choudhury, Johns & Pandey (2019)
Improves vegetative growth and yield, increases protein and oil content Devi et al. (2011), Khatun et al. (2016)
Jasmonic acid Increases chlorophyll content Hassanein et al. (2009)
Increases biomass accumulation and grain yield, improves stress tolerance Mohamed & Latif (2017)
Increases nodulation Roy Choudhury, Johns & Pandey (2019)
Increases tolerance to stress, biomass accumulation, water use potential, translocation of photoassimilates, and productivity Zhang et al. (2004), Zhang et al. (2008)
Improves nodulation Sudadi (2012)
Amine compounds Enhances root elongation and increases endogenous hormone levels Qi et al. (2013)
Improves chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation rate Qi et al. (2013), Sun et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2019)
Reduces abscission enzyme activity and increases antioxidant enzyme activity Sun et al. (2016)
Delays leaf senescence Zheng et al. (2008)
Increases dry matter accumulation and seed yield Qi et al. (2013), Liu et al. (2019)