Table 5. Activities of phase 1 enzymes [aniline hydroxylase (AnH) and aminopyrine-N-demethylase (AmD)] and phase II enzyme (UDPGT) in the testis of rats treated with NDMA and BA (alone and in combination).

Treatments groups	AnH	AmD	UDPGT
	(μmol/mg protein)		(mmol/mg protein)
Control	0.398 ± 0.59	0.530 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.02
BA	1.014 ± 098a	0.485 ± 0.01a	0.14 ± 0.03a
NDMA	1.694 ± 0.86b	0.840 ± 0.08b	0.07 ± 0.007b
BA + NDMA	0.910 ± 0.21c	0.612 ± 0.03c	0.10 ± 0.03c

Data expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 6).

^aStatistically similar to [BA + NDMA] (P > 0.001).

^bStatistically different from control (P < 0.05).

^cStatistically different from NDMA (P < 0.05).

BA: betulinic acid; NDMA: N-nitrosodimethylamine.