Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 who received AH-HaH care, stratified by race/ethnicity
| Non-Hispanic White | Non-Hispanic Black | Hispanic | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Care escalation within 14 days | p-value | Care escalation within 14 days | p-value | Care escalation within 14 days | p-value | ||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
| All | 876 (82.7) | 183 (17.3) | 527 (85.0) | 93 (15.0) | 186 (80.9) | 44 (19.1) | |||
| Age at admission, median [IQR], years | 59 [49, 69] | 63 [55, 72] | < 0.001 | 51 [40, 61] | 55 [46, 65] | 0.014 | 45.5 [37, 56] | 49 [33.5, 59] | 0.950 |
| Female, n (%) | 405 (46.2) | 81 (44.3) | 0.684 | 306 (58.1) | 51 (54.8) | 0.571 | 90 (48.4) | 21 (47.7) | 1.000 |
| Married, n (%) | 620 (70.8) | 130 (71.0) | 1.000 | 200 (38.0) | 32 (34.4) | 0.562 | 89 (47.8) | 19 (43.2) | 0.617 |
| Body mass index, n (%) | 0.531 | 0.417 | 0.968 | ||||||
| Not obese | 364 (41.6) | 76 (41.5) | 132 (25.0) | 27 (29.0) | 76 (40.9) | 17 (38.6) | |||
| Obesity Class I | 258 (29.5) | 46 (25.1) | 140 (26.6) | 25 (26.9) | 68 (36.6) | 18 (40.9) | |||
| Obesity Class II | 130 (14.8) | 33 (18.0) | 92 (17.5) | 10 (10.8) | 27 (14.5) | 6 (13.6) | |||
| Obesity Class III | 124 (14.2) | 28 (15.3) | 163 (30.9) | 31 (33.3) | 15 (8.1) | 3 (6.8) | |||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.313 | 0.235 | ||||||
| 0 | 372 (42.5) | 65 (35.5) | 198 (37.6) | 32 (34.4) | 114 (61.3) | 29 (65.9) | |||
| 1–2 | 333 (38.0) | 55 (30.1) | 223 (42.3) | 37 (39.8) | 54 (29.0) | 11 (25.0) | |||
| 3–4 | 108 (12.3) | 39 (21.3) | 56 (10.6) | 9 (9.7) | 8 (4.3) | 4 (9.1) | |||
| ≥ 5 | 63 (7.2) | 24 (13.1) | 50 (9.5) | 15 (16.1) | 10 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Area Deprivation Index, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.950 | 0.847 | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 303 (34.6) | 43 (23.5) | 72 (13.7) | 13 (14.0) | 28 (15.1) | 8 (18.2) | |||
| Quartile 2 | 228 (26.0) | 39 (21.3) | 151 (28.7) | 24 (25.8) | 47 (25.3) | 9 (20.5) | |||
| Quartile 3 | 217 (24.8) | 64 (35.0) | 95 (18.0) | 18 (19.4) | 43 (23.1) | 9 (20.5) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 128 (14.6) | 37 (20.2) | 209 (39.7) | 38 (40.9) | 68 (36.6) | 18 (40.9) | |||
| Total minutes travel to the closest hospital, median [IQR] | 16.7 [12.8, 23] | 17 [12.7, 22] | 0.364 | 13.9 [10.4, 18.9] | 13.7 [11,20] | 0.747 | 13.8 [10.9, 19.1] | 13.2 [9.7, 22] | 0.451 |
| Most recent O2 saturation, median [IQR] | 95 [94, 97] | 95 [94, 96.5] | 0.193 | 96 [94, 98] | 96 [95, 98] | 0.250 | 96 [94, 97] | 96.5 [94.5, 98] | 0.515 |
| Baseline healthcare utilization*, median [IQR] | |||||||||
| Inpatient visits | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0.027 | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0.388 | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0.361 |
| Outpatient visits | 0 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 3] | 0.091 | 0 [0, 2] | 1 [0, 3] | 0.234 | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 1.5] | 0.736 |
| Emergency department visits | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 1] | 0.342 | 1 [0, 1] | 1 [0, 2] | 0.105 | 0 [0, 1] | 1 [0, 1] | 0.102 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range
*Baseline healthcare utilization includes all visits within 1 year prior to the index date