Table 2. Metabolic profile in NPDR.

	Placebo (n = 20)			Coenzyme Q10 (n = 20)			Combined antioxidant therapy (n = 20)
	Baseline	Final	P	Baseline	Final	P	Baseline	Final	P	P
			WCX			WCX			WCX	K–W
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %)	9.22 ± 0.39	8.01 ± 0.4	0.048	8.5 ± 0.4	8.3 ± 0.4	NS	9.6 ± 0.4	8.6 ± 0.2	0.05	NS
Glucose (mg/dl)	125.2 ± 8.0	135.3 ± 12.4	NS	149.1 ± 12.9	135.7 ± 11.0	NS	149.4 ± 13.5	124.7 ± 10.2	NS	NS
Total cholesterol (TC, mg/dl)	200.6 ± 7.1	195.5 ± 7.1	NS	176.8 ± 7.4	169.2 ± 9.8	NS	205.0 ± 8.1	200.4 ± 8.6	NS	NS
Low-density cholesterol (LDL, mg/dl)	129.5 ± 15.6	115.9 ± 7.8	NS	90.3 ± 5.2	94.3 ± 5.7	NS	114.8 ± 7.1	110.6 ± 6.9	NS	NS
High-density cholesterol (HDL, mg/dl)	47.3 ± 3.5	46.5 ± 2.3	NS	42.9 ± 2.1	46.1 ± 2.6	NS	41.8 ± 1.1	46.9 ± 2.6	NS	NS
Triglycerides (TGC, mg/dl)	214.3 ± 22.4	180.4 ± 17.6	NS	210.0 ± 28.5	198.5 ± 20.4	NS	252.8 ± 27.3	223.4 ± 25.7	NS	NS

The table illustrates metabolic profile per study group, where values are expressed as mean ± standard error. There was a significant decrease in HbA1c in the Placebo (P < 0.048) and combined antioxidant therapy groups (P < 0.05). These improvements could be due to close medical attention or lifestyle changes.

NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; HBA1c, glycated hemoglobin, %, percent, TC, total cholesterol; LDC, low-density cholesterol; HDL, high-density cholesterol; TGC, triglycerides; mg/dl, milligram/deciliter, NS, not significant; WCX, Wilcoxon test, K–W, Kruskal–Wallis test.