Table 2:
Characteristics of social and structural determinants across all dissemination areas (DAs) of each city and the corresponding Gini and co-Gini coefficients of cumulative COVID-19 cases
| City | DA population | After-tax household income, $ | Proportion no diploma or certificate, % | Proportion visible minority, % | Proportion recent immigrant, % | Proportion not living in high-density housing, % | Proportion essential worker, % | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Median (IQR)* | Gini | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | Median (IQR)* | Co-Gini† | |
| British Columbia | ||||||||||||||
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| Vancouver | 588 (478–767) (0.1%) | 0.36 | 47 638 (40 026–56 094) (0.0%) | 0.13 | 6.6 (3.4–11.5) (0.3%) | 0.24 | 45.0 (24.2–69.2) (0.3%) | 0.17 | 2.0 (5.4–7.9) (0.3%) | 0.11 | 94.6 (90.0–97.6) (0.3%) | 0.19 | 46.6 (37.8–56.5) (0.3%) | 0.25 |
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| Kelowna | 649 (516–890) (0.4%) | 0.23 | 47 923 (40 686–55 331) (0.4%) | 0.08 | 8.2 (4.7–11.6) (0.4%) | 0.07 | 6.6 (3.8–10.1) (0.4%) | 0.11 | 1.2 (0.0–2.5) (0.4%) | 0.05 | 97.4 (95.4–98.8) (0.4%) | 0.07 | 56.1 (49.4–62.5) (0.4%) | 0.08 |
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| Abbotsford–Mission | 597 (446–823) (0.0%) | 0.35 | 46 023 (39 250–52 714) (0.0%) | 0.17 | 14.3 (9.9–19.2) (0.0%) | 0.22 | 17.2 (8.9–36.6) (0.0%) | 0.27 | 1.9 (0–4.3) (0.0%) | 0.23 | 95.8 (91.7–98.1) (0.0%) | 0.21 | 59.6 (52.6–66.8) (0.0%) | 0.21 |
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| Manitoba | ||||||||||||||
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| Winnipeg | 545 (457–649) (0.1%) | 0.32 | 45 914 (37 357–54 989) (0.0%) | 0.13 | 8.6 (4.8–10.4) (0.3%) | 0.12 | 17.1 (8.1–34.2) (0.3%) | 0.09 | 6.2 (0.0–9.0) (0.3%) | 0.08 | 95.1 (89.9–98.2) (0.3%) | 0.12 | 50.8 (42.6–58.8) (0.3%) | 0.12 |
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| Ontario | ||||||||||||||
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| Toronto | 564 (443–809) (0.0%) | 0.34 | 50 341 (41 429–60 411) (0.0%) | 0.17 | 8.1 (4.0–14.0) (0.4%) | 0.20 | 41.3 (20.7–68.3) (0.4%) | 0.20 | 3.6 (1.4–7.1) (0.4%) | 0.12 | 94.1 (88.9–97.4) (0.4%) | 0.18 | 45.8 (35.7–56.5) (0.4%) | 0.24 |
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| Ottawa | 554 (447–738) (0.0%) | 0.47 | 57 664 (46 856–66 708) (0.0%) | 0.19 | 5.1 (2.5–9.1) (0.2%) | 0.16 | 17.8 (9.3–30.8) (0.2%) | 0.21 | 1.6 (0–3.6) (0.2%) | 0.18 | 97.1 (94.2–100.0) (0.2%) | 0.20 | 37.5 (30.1–45.7) (0.2%) | 0.16 |
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| Hamilton | 520 (438–667) (0.0%) | 0.40 | 50 294 (38 292–59 801) (0.0%) | 0.11 | 8.5 (4.4–15.2) (0.3%) | 0.09 | 12.6 (6.2–21.8) (0.3%) | 0.15 | 0.7 (0–3.0) (0.3%) | 0.09 | 96.8 (93.8–100.0) (0.3%) | 0.09 | 52.8 (43.5–62.3) (0.3%) | 0.10 |
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| Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo | 544 (440–749) (0.0%) | 0.32 | 48 899 (39 710–57 738) (0.0%) | 0.13 | 10.5 (6.4–16.2) (0.1%) | 0.11 | 12.2 (5.9–22.3) (0.1%) | 0.13 | 1.3 (0–3.5) (0.1%) | 0.11 | 96.8 (94.1–98.5) (0.1%) | 0.15 | 54.3 (44.8–61.8) (0.1%) | 0.13 |
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| St. Catharines–Niagara | 518 (450–644) (0.0%) | 0.44 | 43 266 (35 136–50 738) (0.0%) | 0.12 | 9.8 (6.2–14.7) (0.1%) | 0.08 | 6.7 (2.8–11.8) (0.1%) | 0.11 | 0 (0–2.0) (0.1%) | 0.10 | 97.4 (95.1–100.0) (0.1%) | 0.10 | 60.0 (52.5–68.2) (0.1%) | 0.07 |
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| Windsor | 502 (430–615) (0.0%) | 0.35 | 45 227 (32 280–54 901) (0.0%) | 0.16 | 8.9 (4.8–15.2) (0.0%) | 0.11 | 13.8 (5.5–27.4) (0.0%) | 0.15 | 1.6 (0–3.8) (0.0%) | 0.09 | 96.7 (93.6–98.4) (0.0%) | 0.12 | 61.1 (52.9–69.2) (0.0%) | 0.09 |
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| Quebec | ||||||||||||||
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| Montréal | 536 (448–672) (0.4%) | 0.33 | 40 304 (33 015–49 411) (0.4%) | 0.11 | 10.3 (5.5–16.7) (0.6%) | 0.09 | 16.9 (6.8–32.5) (0.6%) | 0.16 | 2.4 (0–6.2) (0.6%) | 0.13 | 96.2 (92.5–98.5) (0.6%) | 0.14 | 47.6 (38.1–56.1) (0.6%) | 0.08 |
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| Québec | 514 (425–682) (0.4%) | 0.31 | 45 104 (35 847–51 917) (0.5%) | 0.10 | 6.8 (3.8–11.4) (0.6%) | 0.08 | 3.2 (1.1–6.7) (0.6%) | 0.12 | 0 (0–2.4) (0.6%) | 0.09 | 98.4 (96.9–100.0) (0.6%) | 0.07 | 47.1 (39.6–54.5) (0.6%) | 0.10 |
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| Gatineau | 543 (425–805) (0.0%) | 0.30 | 44 891 (36 112–53 526) (0.0%) | 0.10 | 13.5 (7.3–21.4) (0.0%) | 0.07 | 8.0 (2.7–15.6) (0.0%) | 0.13 | 0 (0–2.8) (0.0%) | 0.12 | 97.6 (95.5–100.0) (0.0%) | 0.05 | 44.7 (35.6–53.1) (0.0%) | 0.07 |
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| Sherbrooke | 543 (455–734) (0.0%) | 0.33 | 37 490 (28 906–44 427) (0.0%) | 0.17 | 11.3 (6.7–19.0) (0.6%) | 0.08 | 3.6 (1.0–7.7) (0.6%) | 0.16 | 0 (0–2.4) (0.6%) | 0.15 | 98.2 (96.7–100) (0.6%) | 0.08 | 53.7 (46.6–61.1) (0.6%) | 0.09 |
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| Saguenay | 464 (398–607) (0.0%) | 0.37 | 41 091 (32 929–46 566) (0.0%) | 0.14 | 10.3 (6.2–15.9) (0.0%) | 0.09 | 0 (0–2.2) (0.0%) | 0.11 | 0.0 (0) (0.0%) | 0.01 | 100.0 (97.6–100.0) (0.0%) | 0.09 | 55.3 (48.3–61.9) (0.0%) | 0.11 |
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| Trois-Rivières | 481 (406–620) (0.4%) | 0.28 | 36 899 (28 382–45 459) (0.4%) | 0.08 | 12.1 (6.1–18.5) (0.4%) | 0.07 | 1.9 (0–3.8) (0.4%) | 0.09 | 0 (0–0.6) (0.4%) | 0.09 | 98.8 (97.5–100.0) (0.4%) | 0.05 | 55.9 (48.6–62.9) (0.4%) | 0.08 |
Note: IQR = interquartile range.
*
Median and IQR of social determinant across all DAs within a city. The percentages after IQR represents the proportion of DAs with missing variable (for population column, DAs with 0 population are also included).
†
Gini coefficients that went above and under the equity line in Lorenz curves are in bold.