TABLE 1.
Institutional and Critical Care Team Characteristics of the 253 Hospitals Participating in the Study by Country Income Level, Dedicated Neurocritical Care Unit Status, and by Surge of COVID-19 Patients
| Institutional Characteristics | Overall | Low/Middle-income Countries | High-income Countries | Dedicated Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) | General-mixed ICU (Gen-ICU) | Surge of COVID-19 Patients | No-surge of COVID-19 Patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | n=253 | 115 (45.5) | 138 (54.5) | 138 (54.5) | 115 (45.5) | 199 (78.6) | 54 (21.3) |
| Hospital beds | |||||||
| 1-200 | 31 (12.3) | 29 (25.2) | 2 (1.5) | 8 (5.8) | 23 (20) | 19 (9.6) | 12 (22.2) |
| 201-400 | 34 (13.4) | 24 (20.9) | 10 (7.3) | 10 (7.3) | 24 (20.9) | 24 (12.1) | 10 (18.5) |
| 401-600 | 49 (19.4) | 18 (15.7) | 31 (22.5) | 29 (21) | 20 (17.4) | 40 (20.1) | 9 (16.7) |
| >600 | 139 (54.9) | 44 (38.3) | 95 (68.8) | 91 (65.9) | 48 (41.7) | 116 (58.3) | 23 (42.6) |
| ICU beds | |||||||
| 1-50 | 108 (42.9) | 76 (66.1) | 32 (23.4) | 27 (19.7) | 81 (70.4) | 78 (39.2) | 30 (56.6) |
| 51-100 | 78 (30.9) | 23 (20) | 55 (40.2) | 53 (38.7) | 25 (21.7) | 67 (33.7) | 11 (20.8) |
| 101-150 | 34 (13.5) | 6 (5.2) | 28 (20.4) | 30 (21.9) | 4 (3.5) | 27 (13.6) | 7 (13.2) |
| >150 | 32 (12.7) | 10 (8.7) | 22 (16.1) | 27 (19.7) | 5 (4.4) | 27 (13.6) | 5 (9.4) |
| Academic Medical Center | 219 (86.6%) | 89 (77.4%) | 130 (94.2) | 93 (80.9) | 126 (91.3) | 172 (86.4) | 47 (87) |
| Level I NCCU* | 198 (77.5) | 72 (62.6) | 124 (89.9) | 120 (87) | 76 (66.1) | 156 (78.4) | 40 (74.1) |
| Comprehensive Stroke Center | 123 (48.6) | 34 (29.6) | 89 (64.5) | 77 (55.8) | 46 (40) | 103 (51.8) | 20 (37) |
| Level I Trauma Center | 119 (47) | 32 (27.8) | 87 (63) | 76 (55.1) | 43 (37.4) | 96 (48.2) | 23 (42.6) |
| NCCU beds (11-20 beds) | 53 (38.4) | 9 (20.4) | 44 (46.8) | 53 (38.7) | NA | 41 (37.3) | 12 (42.9) |
| Gen-ICU beds (11-20 beds) | 36 (31.3) | 29 (40.3) | 7 (16.3) | NA | 35 (31) | 25 (27.8) | 11 (44) |
| Neurocritical Care Fellowship | 97 (38.3) | 24 (20.9) | 73 (52.9) | 80 (58) | 17 (14.8) | 80 (40) | 17 (31.5) |
| Attending intensivists in NCCU | |||||||
| Neurology | 118 (46.6) | 24 (20.9) | 94 (68.1) | 91 (65.9) | 27 (23.5) | 96 (48.2) | 22 (40.7) |
| Anesthesiology | 92 (36.3) | 27 (23.5) | 65 (47.1) | 70 (50.7) | 22 (19.1) | 74 (37.2) | 18 (33.3) |
| Pulmonary | 66 (26.1) | 36 (31.3) | 30 (21.7) | 31 (22.5) | 35 (30.4) | 53 (26.6) | 13 (24.1) |
| General Surgery | 45 (17.8) | 23 (20) | 22 (15.9) | 28 (20.3) | 17 (14.8) | 40 (20) | 5 (9.3) |
| Emergency Medicine | 35 (13.8) | 9 (7.8) | 26 (18.8) | 25 (18.1) | 10 (8.7) | 30 (15.1) | 5 (9.3) |
| Pediatrics | 5 (2%) | 5 (4.4) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.5) | 4 (2) | 1 (1.9) |
| Attending intensivist in Gen-ICU | |||||||
| Pulmonary | 93 (36.8) | 52 (45.2) | 41 (29.7) | 26 (18.8) | 67 (58.3) | 73 (36.7) | 20 (37) |
| Anesthesiology | 75 (29.6) | 34 (29.6) | 41 (29.7) | 26 (18.8) | 49 (42.6) | 58 (29.2) | 17 (31.5) |
| Emergency Medicine | 45 (17.8) | 30 (26.1) | 15 (10.9) | 12 (8.7) | 33 (28.7) | 31 (15.6) | 14 (26) |
| General Surgery | 37 (14.6) | 16 (13.9) | 21 (15.2) | 10 (7.3) | 27 (23.5) | 31 (15.6) | 6 (11.1) |
| Other NCCU/gen-ICU staff | |||||||
| Advanced practice providers | 170 (67.5) | 74 (64.9) | 96 (69.6) | 101 (73.7) | 69 (60) | 136 (68.7) | 34 (63) |
| Critical care pharmacist | 114 (46.7) | 20 (18.7) | 94 (68.6) | 81 (61.8) | 33 (29.2) | 94 (48.7) | 20 (39.2) |
| Neurocritical care fellows | 97 (38.3) | 24 (20.9) | 73 (52.9) | 80 (58) | 17 (14.8) | 80 (40.2) | 17 (31.5) |
| Nonneurocritical critical care fellows | 149 (58.9) | 52 (45.2) | 97 (70.3%) | 91 (65.9) | 58 (50.4) | 121 (60.8) | 28 (51.9) |
| Rotating residents | 231 (91.3) | 96 (83.5) | 135 (97.8) | 133 (96.4) | 98 (85.2) | 182 (91.5) | 49 (90.7) |
| Rotating fellows | 191 (75.5%) | 73 (63.5) | 118 (86.1) | 120 (87.6) | 71 (61.7) | 155 (78.3) | 36 (66.7) |
*
Level 1 NCCUs offer a full complement of advanced monitoring, surgical and medical treatments, and have the capability to provide physician fellowship and advanced practice professional training as defined by the Neurocritical Care Society.
gen-ICU indicates general/mixed critical care unit; ICU, intensive care unit; NCCU, dedicated neurocritical care unit.