Table 1.

Intervention mapping steps with associated tasks and applied methodology.

Intervention mapping steps	Intervention mapping tasks	Methods
Step 1: Logic model of the problem	Describe the context for the intervention Identify determinants for the at-risk population of the problem	PubMed literature search on determinants of nonadherence (2010-2015) Explorative study in 52 patients on relation between attitudes and medication adherence
Step 2: Program outcomes and objectives	State expected outcomes for behavior Specify performance objectives for behavioral outcomes Select determinants for behavioral outcomes Create a logic model of change	Multiple expert group discussions (both face-to-face and electronic)
Step 3: Program design	Generate program themes, components, scope, and sequence Choose theory- and evidence-based change methods Select or design practical apps to deliver change methods	Literature search and expert opinion on behavior change techniques Multiple expert group discussions Iterative game development
Step 4: Program production	Refine program structure and organization Prepare plans for program materials Draft messages, materials, and protocols Pretest, refine, and produce materials	Iterative game development Stage 1 user testing: 54 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug users played at home in 2 rounds for 2 weeks Stage 2 user testing: 8 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug users performed a live walk-through
Step 5: Program implementation plan	State outcomes and performance objectives for program use Construct matrices of change objectives for program use	Iterative game development guided by self-determination theory
Step 6: Evaluation plan	Write effect and process evaluation questions Develop indicators and measures for assessment Specify the evaluation design	Develop a randomized clinical trial study protocol to examine effectiveness on medication adherence of antirheumatic drugs (GAMER [Gaming for Adherence to Medication using E-health in Rheumatoid arthritis patients] study)