TABLE 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and ICU Data for the Combined Cohort
| Variables | Nonsurvivors (n = 49) | Survivors (n = 51) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (n [IQR]) | 53 (47–57) | 50 (40–59) | 0.36 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 39 (80) | 36 (71) | 0.30 |
| Female | 10 (20) | 15 (29) | |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 24 (49) | 18 (35) | 0.15 |
| Latino | 8 (16) | 17 (33) | |
| Black | 5 (10) | 10 (20) | |
| Native American | 3 (6) | 1 (2) | |
| Asian | 8 (16) | 4 (8) | |
| Body mass index, n (sd) | |||
| Mean | 31.5 (27.3–39.6) | 31.5 (26.9) | 0.49 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Obesity | 27 (55) | 23 (45) | 0.32 |
| Hypertension | 19 (39) | 13 (25) | 0.15 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 15 (31) | 13 (25) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes | 17 (35) | 15 (29) | 0.57 |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (10) | 6 (12) | 0.8 |
| Coronary artery disease | 5 (10) | 2 (4) | 0.22 |
| Transferred from referral hospital | 39 (80) | 32 (63) | 0.063 |
| Ventilator settings, average (STD) | |||
| Fio2 | 90.6 (14.6) | 90.8 (13.7) | 0.97 |
| Positive end-expiratory pressure | 13.0 (3.1) | 13.1 (3.4) | 0.9 |
| Respiratory rate | 24.6 (7.0) | 25.0 (7.1) | 0.81 |
| Tidal volume | 320.3 (138.9) | 325.2 (161.4) | 0.89 |
| Peak pressure | 31.1 (4.9) | 34.2 (6.3) | 0.057 |
| Arterial blood gas, average (STD) | |||
| pH | 7.3 (0.1) | 7.3 (0.1) | 0.66 |
| Pco2 | 61.2 (20.1) | 65.3 (16.6) | 0.28 |
| Pao2 | 57.5 (18.8) | 56.1 (14.7) | 0.68 |
| P/F ratio | 70.3 (28.0) | 74.2 (23.7) | 0.46 |
| Novel therapeutics, n (%) | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine ± azithromycin | 8 (16) | 15 (29) | 0.12 |
| Remdesivir | 33 (67) | 26 (51) | 0.096 |
| Interleukin-6 inhibitor | 18 (37) | 21 (41) | 0.65 |
| Convalescent plasma | 20 (41) | 26 (51) | 0.31 |
| Steroids | 47 (96) | 39 (76) | 0.005 |
| Total steroid days, median (IQR) | 10 (9–14) | 9 (3–11) | 0.006 |
| Renal failure | |||
| Need for renal replacement, n (%) | 29 (59) | 20 (39) | 0.046 |
| Total renal replacement, d, average (STD) | 22 (15.7) | 21.7 (16.2) | 0.94 |
| Transfusions, average (se) | |||
| Total units | 15 (9–25) | 7 (3–17) | <0.001 |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, average (STD) | |||
| Prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation | 7 (6–9) | 7 (4–8) | 0.14 |
| ICU treatments, n (%) | |||
| Proned | 47 (96) | 42 (82) | 0.03 |
| Paralyzed | 45 (92) | 46 (90) | 0.77 |
| Vasopressor | 34 (69) | 34 (67) | 0.77 |
IQR = interquartile range, STD = standard deviation.
Patients who survived to decannulation were compared with nonsurvivors to identify significant factors that may be associated with mortality.